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Module 4 - oral cancer > Aetiology - viruses > Flashcards

Aetiology - viruses Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causes of oral cancer?

A

tobacco
alcohol
HPV
poor nutrition
UV light
immunocompromising
genes
malignant conditions

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2
Q

what is the structure of HPV?

A

double stranded DNA
circular
epitheliotropic (targets mucosa)

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3
Q

what group does HPV belong to?

A

papovaviral group

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4
Q

explain the structure of papillomavirus particles?

A

single molecule double - stranded
circular DNA
8000 bp
contained in capsid (spherical protein coat)
72 capsomeres

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5
Q

what are the types of HPV?

A

Alpha
beta
gamma
Mu
Nu

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6
Q

what numbers of HPV are associated with carcinogenesis?

A

16 and 18

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7
Q

what are the genes of HPV 16?

A

E6 + E7

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8
Q

what does HPV16 target

A

tumour suppressor genes

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9
Q

what type of cells does HPV infect?

A

undifferentiated basal cells which are capable of dividing

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10
Q

what IS an episome?

A

viral HPV DNA localises into the nucleus of the basal cell

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11
Q

what are the viral HPV proteins?

A

E1, E2, E6 and E7

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12
Q

what HPV capsid proteins accumulate in the mature epithelial cells?

A

L1 and L2

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13
Q

where does assemble of infectious virions take place?

A

terminally differentiated cells of the upper epithelial layers

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14
Q

what is epidermodysplasia verruciformis?

A

exuberant growth by HPV

rare autosomal recessive genetic condition that effects the skin and increases the risk of carcinoma of skin

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15
Q

what is a papilloma?

A

harmless/ benign small raised white lesion

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16
Q

how is a papilloma treated?

A

X vision

17
Q

what types of cancer do high risk HPB types cause?

A

cervical
anal
oropharyngeal
vaginal
vulvar
penile

18
Q

how is HPV spread?

A

sexual contact

19
Q

who is more at risk of HPV?

A

white, non-smoking males aged 35-55

20
Q

where is HPV oropharyngeal cancer most commonly seen?

A

base of tongue and tonsillar bed

21
Q

what proteins are involved when HPV infection results in latency and malignant transformation?

A

interactions of viral E6 and E7 with p53 and Prb

22
Q

describe HPV infection resulting in latency and malignant transformation?

A

E7 binds and inactivates human tumour suppressor gene
E6 binds p53 and earmarks it for destruction (ubiquitin)

23
Q

what are low risk HPV types?

A

6 and 11

Module 4 - oral cancer (5 decks)

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