Aetiology Pathophysiology of Hypertension Flashcards
What are the most common causes of death due to raised blood pressure?
Ischemic heart disease and stroke
What end organ damage is associated with hypertension?
Describe blood pressure throughout the day
Fluctuates widely -
Physcial stress and mental stress
What is the definintion of hypertension?
That blood pressure above which the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks in term of morbidity and mortality
What is the blood pressure distribution in a population?
Exhibits a normal bell shaped curve
Each population has its own bell shaped curvre
What is the relationship between increased blood pressure and stroke/cardiovascular disease?
•Risk however rises exponentially and not linearly with pressure
Age also plays a significant role
What is ‘optimal’ blood pressure in terms of american opinion?
Opt <120/<80
What blood pressure is hypertension diagnosed at?
Varies - roughly 140/90
What does ABPM stand for?
Ambulatory blood pressure monitor – measures blood pressure every half hour – inflates the cuff every half hour at night time?
What is defined as stage 1 hypertension?
Clinic blood pressure is about 140/90 mmHg or higher
ABPM daytime average 135/85 mmHg or higher
What is defined as stage 2 hypertension?
•Clinic blood pressure is 160/100 mmHg or higher
ABPM daytime average 150/95 mmHg or higher
What is defined as stage 3 & severe hypertension?
Clinic systolic blood pressure is 180 mmHg or higher or diastolic blood pressure is 120 mmHg or higher
What is more common, primary and secondary hypertension?
Primary - where no cause is found
90% of cases
What are some of the causes of secondary hypertension?
Chronic renal disease
Renal artery stenosis
Endocrine disease - cushing’s, conn’s syndrome and paechromocytoma, GRA
How many deaths worldwide is high blood pressure responsible for?
The number 1 medical cause of death world-wide
Directly and indirectly responsible for >20% of all deaths