Aetiology of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
features of normal periodontal health
pink firm scalloped gingiva with knife edged papillae pigmentation (ethnic groups) keratinised
in normal perio health what is the depth of gingival sulcus
0.5- 3/3.5 mm
another word for free gingiva
marginal gingiva
what is supra gingival plaque
build up ABOVE the gingival MARGIN
key differences between gingivitis and peridontitis
gingivitis= reversible, limited to gingiva
periodontitis= irreversible, involves kicking in of IS, periodontium may be affected by IS inflammatory response
describe how gingivitis may develop into periodontitis
gingivitis occurs when:
supragingival plaque builds up= if left undisturbed, HOMEOSTASIS lost= sulcus deepens beyond 3/3.5 mm, plaque extends to SUB-gingiva. can lead to periodontisis
plaque (dental biofilm) is key in the aetiology of PD’s
what are the features of PLAQUE-INDUCED gingivitis
- red, swollen gingiva
- bleeding on probing
- BLUNT papilla and loss of their semi-lunar contour
- a FALSE POCKET may be seen - deepening but NO BONE LOSS therefore still gingivitis and no periodontitis
if we remove aetiological agent in plaque induced gingivitis, we can reverse the gingivitis.
give examples of the aetiological agents
actinomyces israeli
actinomyces naeslundii
actinomyces odontolyticus
veiilonella parvula campylobacter spp (species)
what are the 3 key features of periodontitis
- loss of periodontium connective tissue attachment (wobbly tooth)
- apical migration of junctional epithelium (formation of a periodontal pocket that is lined with pocket epithelium)
- clear alveolar bone loss
besides the 3 key features, what else is seen in periodontitis
neutrophil migration
ulcerated pocket epithelium
‘inflammatory infiltrate’= accumulation of immune cells–> collaterative damage since will attack the connective tissue of periodntium too
there is CAL-clinical attachment loss from the CEJ
how would you measure pocket depth and alveolar bone loss
pocket depth= perio. probes
bone loss= radiographs
what is the aetiology of PD’s
primary= microbial plaque (now called dental biofilm) secondary= local and systemic factors
plaque becomes pathogenic due to virulence factors. give examples of virulence factors
proteases bone resorbing factors cytotoxic metabolites leukotoxin capsule induction of inflammatory response
flora in sub and supra gingival plaque
flora of supra gingival plaque= gram +ve, cocci and rods
flora of sub-gingival plaque= gram -ve, spirochaetes and rods
supra gingival calculus is…
creamy, yellow clearly visible
builds up where SALIVARY ducts open (u7, L1/2)
easy to remove
