Aetiology of periodontal disease Flashcards
What is the primary factor of periodontal disease?
dental plaque
What are the 3 secondary factors of aetiology of periodontal disease?
calculus
other plaque retentive factors
lack of saliva
Describe calculus
what is it made of?
What colour is supra an subginigval calculus
mineralised plaque covering enamel/root surface
calcium and phosphate crystals
acts as ‘plaque trap’
supraginigval: sites of saliva pooling, light coloured + frosted
sub gingival: in-between Periodontology pockets, hard + dark, difficult to remove
What are the systemic factors of periodontal disease?
smoking pregnancy diabetes genetic factors medications which cause gingival overgrowth
What does smoking do?
more likely to develop Periodontology pockets and periodontal disease
Vasoconstrictor - reduces gingival BF
masks gingivitis
more likely to have greater bone loss
loose teeth
How does diabetes effect perio disease?
uncontrolled/poorly controlled higher risk (poor glycemic control)
type I - insulin dependent
type II - insulin resistant (due to diet and obesity)
impaired immune response and would healing
recurrent/multiple periodontal abscess
How does pregnancy increase risk of periodontal disease?
higher progesterone levels increases gingival blood flow
swollen and inflamed gingivae
higher gingival response to plaque
pregnancy epulis
What are plaque retentive factors?
crowding/malalignment orthodontics root anatomy gingival anatomy dentures overhanging restorations xerostomia
Describe healthy gingiva
pink
scalloping
stippling of attached gingiva
Describe gingivitis signs and symptoms
no stippling reversible (quite common) erythema (redness) oedema (swelling) bleeding on probing + brushing body reaction to the presence of plaque which has been allowed to accumulate around teeth
What does the periodontium consist of?
gingiva
alveolar bone
PDL
cementum
What is periodontitis
Describe features of periodontitis
chronic and inflammatory condition affecting supporting tissue of teeth
pocket formation, gingival recession, mobility, drifting
lead to permanent damage- bone loss
eventually tooth extraction
In periodontitis gums become …….. from root forming a ……. where ……… accumulates and causing more ……… and deepening ………..
detached pocket plaque inflammation pockets
What are the 3 factors that make disease?
microorganism
susceptible host
environmental trigger
What bacteria is the most important in the mouth?
streptococcus
