Aetiology Flashcards
what is aetiology
the initiator of subsequent events resulting in patient illness
what is pathogenesis
mechanisms causing the disease
what is prognosis
outcome of a disease
what is epidemiology
the incidence, prevalence and population distribution of a disease
what is multifactorial aetiology
give examples
disease due to a COMBINATION of causes
eg diabetes is causedby genetic and env factors
diabetes is more env than genetic
what is unknown aetilogy known as
IDOPATHIC, PRIMARY, ESSENTIAL SPONTANEOUS, CRYPTOGENIC
what is a risk factor
the AETIOLOGY of a disease= unknown but the disease is OBSERVED with people with certain habit (eg smoking, age, occupationn)
what is pathogenesis
the MECHANISM through which AETIOLOGY operated to PRODUCE the PATHOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
what is inflammation
a response to many microorganisms and other harmful agents, causing TISSUE INJURY
what is degeneration
a detrioration of cells/tissues in response to FAILURE OF ADAPTATION to a variety of agents
what is carcinogenesis
the MECHANISM by which canver-causing agents result in the development of tumours
what is a symptom of a disease
give common symptoms
what a patient SUFFERS, or COMPLAINS of
commonly: pain, fever, nausea
what are signs of a disease
give examples
what the doctor is looking for
eg body temp, bp
what is a syndrome
give an example
an AGGREGATE of SIGNS and SYMPTOMS or a combination of LESIONS without which the disease cannot be recognised/diagnosed
eg Cushing’s syndrome: caused by too much ACTH: obesity, hypertension, stretch marks on thigh, stomach, arms, legs, breasts, thinning skin that bruises easily
what is a lesion
give an example
the STRUCTURAL or FUNCTIONAL abnormality responsible for ill health
eg myocardial infarction (infarct/dead cardiac muscle= lesion)
what is a complication of a disease
give an example
prolonged, secondary or distant effects of a disease
eg lung embolism due to THROMBOSIS in the leg vein
what is prognosis
the ANTICIPATED OUTCOME of disease
what is the purpose of giving a prognosis
what is prognosis influenced by
- to PLAN TREATMENT
- GIVE INFO to patient
influenced by: medical/surgical intervention
what is the morbidity of a diease
the disease state of an individual or the INCIDENCE OF ILLNESS in a POPULATION , the PROPORTION OF PATIENTS with a PARTICULAR DISEASE DURING A given year PER given unit of population
what is the mortality of a disease
probability that death with be the end result of that disease
- usually expressed as a % of all patients w/ disease
what is the prevalence of a disease
how is it different to morbidity
the TOTAL no of cases of a given disease in a specified popuation at a designated time
morbidity= no of NEW CASES in the pop
what are the 4 steps of disease
give examples of each stage for lung cancer
hypertension
aetiology–> pathogenesis–> disease–> complication
smoking–> genetic mutation–> lung tumour–> metastasis
many aetiologies–> inc renin production from kidneys–> high bp–> cerebral haemorrhage
