Aetiology Flashcards
what is aetiology
the initiator of subsequent events resulting in patient illness
what is pathogenesis
mechanisms causing the disease
what is prognosis
outcome of a disease
what is epidemiology
the incidence, prevalence and population distribution of a disease
what is multifactorial aetiology
give examples
disease due to a COMBINATION of causes
eg diabetes is causedby genetic and env factors
diabetes is more env than genetic
what is unknown aetilogy known as
IDOPATHIC, PRIMARY, ESSENTIAL SPONTANEOUS, CRYPTOGENIC
what is a risk factor
the AETIOLOGY of a disease= unknown but the disease is OBSERVED with people with certain habit (eg smoking, age, occupationn)
what is pathogenesis
the MECHANISM through which AETIOLOGY operated to PRODUCE the PATHOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
what is inflammation
a response to many microorganisms and other harmful agents, causing TISSUE INJURY
what is degeneration
a detrioration of cells/tissues in response to FAILURE OF ADAPTATION to a variety of agents
what is carcinogenesis
the MECHANISM by which canver-causing agents result in the development of tumours
what is a symptom of a disease
give common symptoms
what a patient SUFFERS, or COMPLAINS of
commonly: pain, fever, nausea
what are signs of a disease
give examples
what the doctor is looking for
eg body temp, bp
what is a syndrome
give an example
an AGGREGATE of SIGNS and SYMPTOMS or a combination of LESIONS without which the disease cannot be recognised/diagnosed
eg Cushing’s syndrome: caused by too much ACTH: obesity, hypertension, stretch marks on thigh, stomach, arms, legs, breasts, thinning skin that bruises easily
what is a lesion
give an example
the STRUCTURAL or FUNCTIONAL abnormality responsible for ill health
eg myocardial infarction (infarct/dead cardiac muscle= lesion)
