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PHAR 224 > Aerosols > Flashcards

Aerosols Flashcards

1
Q

What conditions general make use of aerosols?

A

angina, COPD, asthma

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2
Q

What are desirable features of aerosols for a patient?

A

counter, easy, portable, safe, low cost, quick, WORKS

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3
Q

What is the definition of an aerosol (what is particle size)?

A

dispersion of solid or liquid in a gas
size of <50 mcm

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4
Q

What are pros of aerosols?

A

local, rapid, metered, no contamination, easy

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5
Q

Cons of aerosols?

A

variability of bioavailability, penetration issues, low duration

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6
Q

What does insufflators mean?

A

powder blower

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7
Q

What does inhalant mean?

A

drugs with high vapour pressure= wants to change into gas or vapour stat

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8
Q

What are the components of a pressurized aerosol?

A

propellant
product concentrate
container
valve and actuator

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9
Q

Why do we need a propellant?

A

need proper pressure in it and to expel the product

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10
Q

What are some examples of propellants?

A

Chloro-fluoro hydrocarbons
hydrofluroalkane
hydrocarbons
compressed gas

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11
Q

What is the most common propellant used?

A

HFA- less ozone hurting

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12
Q

True or false CFH are miscible with water?

A

false

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13
Q

Why arent CFH not used anymore?

A

hurts ozone

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14
Q

When are we allowed to use CFH products?

A

if no feasible alternative, significant benefit, no significant release into atmosphere

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15
Q

What characteristic must all propellants have?

A

INERT and tox safe

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16
Q

What is an issue with using hydrocarbons as a propellant?

A

flammable

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17
Q

What type of aerosols are made with hydrocarbons?

A

foam or water based

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18
Q

What are some hydrocarbons?

A

propane, butane, isobutane

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19
Q

When do we use compressed gases for aerosols?

A

usually topical

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20
Q

Examples of compressed gases used as propellants?

A

N2, NO, CO2

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21
Q

What is an issue with using compressed gas as a propellant?

A

as you use it up the pressure goes down and works less

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22
Q

In what condition may the product concentrate be in for pressurized?

A

solution, suspensioon, or emulsion

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23
Q

What is a solution system for aerosols?

A

two phases= solution of active and liquid propellant and vapor propellant
when activated the pressure of vapour causes liquid to rise and be expelled

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24
Q

What is a suspension system for aerosols?

A

2 phases= active dispersed in propellant, surfactant to lower agglomeration

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25
What is an issue with suspension systems?
valve can clog up= innacurate so you need a surfactant or lube
26
What are the surfactants/ lubes used for suspension systems?
non-ionic surfactants HLB<10, mineral oil, isopropyl myristate
27
What are the two emuslsion systems and how many phases do they have?
foam and spray 3 phases
28
What are foam systems?
propellant is internal phase (o/w) - usually topical
29
What are spray emulsions system?
propellant is external phase (w/o) NO foaming
30
Which type of emulsion system has no foam?
spray emulsions
31
Which type of emulsion system is o/w emulsions?
foam
32
Which type of emulsions system is w/o emulsions?
spray emulsions
33
Which type of emulsions system has propellant as the external phase?
spray
34
Which type of emulsions system has propellant as the internal phase?
foam
35
What are some key characteristics of containers for pressurized aerosols?
ok with high pressure metal/glass
36
When is the container glass for pressurized aerosols?
topical
37
How can we prevent glass containers from breaking for a pressurized aerosol?
plastic coating
38
What metals are used for containers of pressurized aerosols?
steel aluminum stainless steel-NO cause$$$$
39
WHy is aluminum sometimes not used as a container for pressurized aerosols?
if CHF may react with water to form HCl
40
What is a continuous valve and what preparations utilize this usually?
as long as it is pressed it will release- topical
41
When does a metered valve need a dip tub?
if upright= NOT like a asthma inhaler
42
What is the role of a metered chamber?
determines the volume of the product delivered
43
What is a limitation of a metered valve?
loss of product during actuation- loss to inner surface, not all reaches lungs
44
How much drug gets to the lungs with perfect technique?
25%
45
When are inhalation aids used?
for MDI- gets into lungs NOT mouth
46
What are non pressurized devices?
breathe activated and nebulizers
47
WHat are some breathe activated devices?
respimat turbuhaler handihaler diskus
48
What are two counsel tips for Respimat?
prime
49
What medicinal ingredients are repsimat?
tiotropium olodaterol
50
What are some non medical ingredients of respimat?
benzalkonium, HCL, water
51
True or false breathe actuated devices have preloaded doses?
True
52
How do you actuate turbuhaler?
twist bottom
53
How do you actuate handihaler?
break capsule
54
What is a unique feature of genuair?
feeback to tell that you took it right (clicks)
55
Pros of MDI?
portable, easy
56
Cons of MDI
high loss, coordination, need technique, reaction to propellant, no counter
57
Pros of DPI?
easy coordination counter no propellant
58
Cons of DPI
need DEEP inhalation= no for young or old loss of powder gritty taste
59
What are pros of respimat?
soft mist= low coordination and less lung breathe
60
Cons of Respimat
cost and need to prime
61
When should you use a nebulizer?
NO need of patient coordination at all= for children if VERY low lung use= AECOPD
62
How do nebulizers work?
compressed air/oxygen or ultrasonic to deliver solution
63
Cons of nebulizers
not portable expensive need lots of volume of drug solution, long times
64
How do jet nebulizers work and what is the venturi effect?
pressurized jet air enters narrow tube through the venturi (narrow opening), this causes a drop in pressure and a vaccume effect sucks liquid drug up the tube
65
How do you change particle size with a ultrasonic nebulizer?
change frequency
66
Which is preffered mouth piece or mask for nebulizers
mouthpiece
67
What is issue with facemasks for nebulizers?
gets on skin, near eye
68
Counsel tips for MDI
use spacer, clean space, shake, prime
69
If patients inhaler does not seem to be working what should a pharmacist ALWAYS do?
check technique
70
What device should be used if cystic fibrosis?
nebulizers
71
What is the path of the respiratory system?
pharynx- voice trachea bronchi bronchioli alveloar sac alveoli
72
True or false inhaltion drugs will have no systemic absorption.
false
73
Where are macrophages only present in the lung?
peripheral lung
74
What should be the range of drug sizes for inhaltation therapy?
1-5 mcm
75
What kind of clearance does the central lung have?
mucocilliary
76
True or false: the central lung has bigger mucos layer alveoli?
true
77
What are the three ways of deposition of drug in the lung and explain them?
inertial impaction= >3 mcm, fast moving gravitational settling= depends on size diffusion= <1 mcm
78
If a particle is 11 mcm where does it end up?
lost through inertial impaction at nose or throat
79
If a particle is 6 mcm where does it end up?
lower resp tract
80
If the particle is 1-5 mcm where does it end up?
lung periphery
81
What is mass median aerodynamic diameter and what does a high number mean?
MMAD= particle size that is 50% of the amount of drug higher= More particles are larger
82
If i am a particle that is 0.1 mcm where do I go?
doesnt deposit in lungs= exhaled
83
If correct technique how much of a 200 mcg MDI gets to the lung?
20-40 mcg
84
How does speed effect deposition?
fast= inertial impaction slow/steady= get to periphery holding breathe= enables them to settle by gravity
85
How long should you hold your breathe for after dose?
10 seconds
86
If holding your breath is beneficial, is 20 seconds better than 10?
NO
87
Inhaler technique?
breathe out, tilt head back, inhale deep and slo, hold, breathe out
88
How long should you wait between doses?
30 seconds
89
Which devices are patient complient more often?
MDI, respimat
90
If hospitalized which device is generally used?
nebulizer
91
If patient has difficulty coordinating which device?
NOT MDI
92
If low ability for deep breathe which device?
NOT DPI
93
What age should not get DPI?
<6
94
When does Raoult's law apply?
liquified gas systems
95
What is Raoult's law?
mixture of volatile in liquid state, partial pressure of propellant can be approximated
96
What does Ideal gas law state?
increased temp/moles= higher pressure and volume
97
When should you prime for ventolin and flovent?
V= 5 days F= 7 days
98
How much can not shaking MDI lower your dose?
25-35%
99
Can temperature effect dose of MDI?
yes, >20 and <-20
100
Dose a smaller nozzel of an MDI improve delivery?
yes <1mm
101
What should be done if ICS inhalation?
wash mouth
102
Should you use close mouth or open mouth technique?
closed
103
What is an autohaler? How do you prime it?
push lever up for activation then same MDI steps prime by psuh white test fire slide
104
WHAT NON MEDICAL INGREDIENT SHOULD YOU KNOW FOR RESPIMAT?
benzalkonium chloride= cationic surfactant
105
Do you need to shake respimat?
No
106
How long does cartidge last for respimat?
3 months when inserted
107
How do you use respimat?
turn, open, breathe out breathe and press button
108
Which DPIs are single dose?
Breezhaler and handihaler
109
Which DPIs need to be primed?
no for single dose
110
Is it a good thing to have high inspiritory effort for DPI?
no- hits back of throat
111
What is carrier for DPIs?
lactose
112
Dose carrier for DPI cause a problem for lactose intolerant people?
NO
113
How do you use turbuhaler?
open cap, turn to right then left until click then use
114
What happens when using a breezhaler or handihaler?
vibrates= good rate
115
How do you use diskus?
open cap, push lever down until clock, use
116
What does red mean on diskus?
less than 5 doses left
117
What is nonmedicinal ingredient of ellipta you should know?
mag stearate= flowability
118
How to use ellipta?
load dose by sliding cover then use
119

PHAR 224 (7 decks)

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