AeroMedical Factors

Question 1

4 Types of Stress

Answer 1

1. Psychological
2. Environmental
3. Physiological
4. Cognitive

Question 2

Stress Responses

Answer 2

1. Emotional
2. Behavioral
3. Cognitive
4. Physical

Question 3

Fatigue

Answer 3

The state of feeling tired, weary, or sleepy that results from prolonged mental or physical work, extended periods of anxiety, exposure to harsh environments, or loss of sleep.

Question 4

3 Types of Fatigue

Answer 4

1. Acute
2. Chronic
3. Motivational Exhaustion

Question 5

4 Types of Hypoxia

Answer 5

1. Hypoxic
2. Hypemic
3. Histotoxic
4. Stagnant

Question 6

Hypoxic Hypoxia

Answer 6

Not enough oxygen in the air, or pressure is too low to allow oxygen to go through the lungs to the blood.

Question 7

Hypemic Hypoxia

Answer 7

Reduction of the oxygen carrying capacity in the blood.

Question 8

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Answer 8

Tissue cannot absorb oxygen.

Question 9

Stagnant Hypoxia

Answer 9

Inadequate circulation of the blood.

Question 10

Spatial Disorientation

Answer 10

Individuals inability to determine position, attitude, and motion relative to the surface of the earth. Pilot is unable to see, believe, interpret, or prove the information derived the information derived from the flight instruments.

Question 11

3 Types of Spatial Disorientation

Answer 11

Type 1 - Unrecognized
Type 2 - Recognized
Type 3 - Incapacitating

Question 12

Visual Illusion (FFF Crash Cars)

Answer 12

False Horizon
Flicker Vertigo
Fixation

Confusion with Ground Lights
Relative Motion
Autokinesis
Structural Illusion
Height/Depth Perception Illusion

Crater Illusion
Altered Planes of Reference
Reversible Perspective
Size/Distance Illusion

Question 13

False Horizon

Answer 13

Cloud formations look like the surface of the earth.

Question 14

Autokinesis

Answer 14

Staring at a single light source for 6-12 seconds causes it to appear to move.

Question 15

Cornea

Answer 15

Allows passage of light through the eye. The cornea is a circular, transparent, protective tissue that projects forwards and protects the eye.

Question 16

Pupil

Answer 16

Once light travels through the cornea, it enters the pupil. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris. The pupil allows the light totter the eye and stimulate the retina.

Question 17

Iris

Answer 17

The round, pigmented (colored) membrane of the eye surrounding the pupil. The iris adjusts the size of the pupil by using its ciliary muscles, which are attached to the pupil. Adjusting the size of the pupil regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.

Question 18

Lens

Answer 18

The lens is a transparent, biconvex membrane located behind the pupil. The lens refracts the light upon the retina.

Question 19

Retina

Answer 19

A complex, structured membrane consisting of 10 layers called the Jacob’s membrane. The retina contains many tiny photoreceptor cells, called rods (night vision) and cones (day vision). Once light stimulates the retina, it produces a chemical change within the photoreceptor cells. When the chemical change occurs, nerve impulses are stimulated and transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. The brain deciphers the impulse and creates a mental image that interprets what the individual is viewing.