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Flying > Aeromedical > Flashcards

Aeromedical Flashcards

0
Q

Visual system

A
  • most important for maintaining equilibrium and orientation

- orientation information equals to 80% from visual system

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1
Q

Vseri ulnar system

A
  • Inner ear
  • simi-circular canals filled with endolymph fluid
  • otoliths organs
  • cupula
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2
Q

Types of spatial disorientation

A
  • type 1 (unrecognized)
  • type 2 (recognized)
  • type 3 (incapacitating)
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3
Q

Spatial disorientation

Defined

A

Individuals inability to determine his position, attitude, and motion relative to the surface of the earth or significant objects.

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4
Q

Motion parallax

A

Objects that appear to be moving rapidly are judged to be near while those moving slowly are judged to be a greater distance away.

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5
Q

Aerial perspective

A

Fading of colors or shades
Loss of detail or texture
Position of light source and direction of shadow

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6
Q

Retinal image size

A

Known size of objective
Increasing/decreasing size of object
Terrestrial association
Overlapping contours

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7
Q

Geometric perspective

A

Linear perspective
Apparent foreshortening
Vertical position in the field

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8
Q

Monocular cues

A

Geometric perspective
Retinal image size
Aerial perspective
Motion parallax

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9
Q

Peripheral vision

  • rods used w/ what type of vision
  • what method should be used for increasing night vision
A
  • stimulation of only rod cells is primary for viewing during scoot pic vision
  • to compensate for scoot pic vision aircrew members must use off-center viewing
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10
Q

Night blind spot

A
  • occurs when the fovea becomes inactive under low level light conditions
  • 5-10* wide in center of fov
  • object will b gin to fade when stared at for longer than 2 seconds
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11
Q

Types of vision

A

Photopic- experienced during daylight (cones only)
Mesopic- dawn, dusk, full moonlight (rods and cones)
Scotopic- low-light level environment. Visual acuity decreased to 20/200 or less.

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12
Q

Day blind spot

A
  • Compensated for by binocular vision
  • covers 5.5-7.5 degrees
  • located about 15 degrees from the fovea and originates where the optical nerve attaches to the retina
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13
Q

Night vision

  • what chemical is utilized?
  • how long to adapt?
A
  • rhodopsin must build up in rods
  • adaptation takes from 30-45 min
  • rod cells are 10,000 times more sensitive
  • –through a dilated pupil, light sensitivity may increase 100,000 times
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14
Q

Rhodopsin

-what color?

A
  • visual purple

- not always in rods b/c light bleaches it out

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15
Q

Iodopsin

-what cells is it present in

A
  • always present within the cone cells

- cone cells respond immediately to visual stimulation regardless of ambient light levels

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16
Q

How many rod cells and where are they

A

120 million rod cells in the retina

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17
Q

Rod cells, what type of vision

A

Used for night or low-level intensity light vision

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18
Q

Cone cells

-what type of visoion

A

Principally for day or high intensity light vision

19
Q

Visual deficiencies

A

Myopia- near sightedness
Hyperopia- caused by an error in refraction(farsightedness)
Astigmatism- unequal curvature of the cornea
Presbyopia- aging process (the lens hardens)

20
Q

Is the physiological effects of g acceleration more pronounced in the lateral or vertical aces

A

Lateral

21
Q

Vision is completely lost before a loss of consciousness occurred at ____ g’s?

A

4

22
Q

Unconsciousness can result when a force of ___ g’s is applied to the body

A

5

23
Q

Types of fatigue

A

Acute- physical or mental activity between two sleep periods
Chronic- more serious over a longer period and is the result of inadequate recovery from successive periods of acute fatigue
Motivational exhaustion or burnout- chronic fatigue that goes untreated for too long

24
Q

Self imposed stressors

A 
Drugs
- self medication
- overdose
- allergic reaction
- synergistic effects
- caffeine
- predicted side effects
Exhaustion
Alcohol
Tobacco - a smoking aviator begins at 5000 ft
Hypoglycemia
25
Q

Stress

A

Nonspecific response of the body to any demand placed on it

26
Q

Trapped gas disorders of the teeth

A

Barodontalgia
Generally occurred from 5000-15000 ft
Descent almost invariably brings relief

27
Q

Prevention and treatment of trapped gases

A

During flight- crew embers can equalize pressure during descent by swallowing or yawning or valsalva
(Never valsalva during ascent)

28
Q

Dysbarism

A

Various manifestation of gas expansion induced by decreased baro pressure

29
Q

Stages of hypoxia

A

Indifferent 98-90% 0-10,000 ft
Compensatory 89-80% 10-15,000 ft
Disturbance 79-70% 15-20,000 ft
Critical 69-60% 20-25,000 ft

30
Q

Susceptibility to hypoxia

A
  • onset time and severity
  • self imposed stress
  • ascent rate
  • physical activity
31
Q

Histotoxic hypoxia

A

There is an interference with the use of O2 by body tissue

  • alcohol
  • narcotics
32
Q

Stagnant hypoxia

A

Circulation is inadequate but oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is adequate

  • heart failure
  • arterial spasm
33
Q

Hypemic hypoxia

A

A reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

  • anemia
  • blood loss
  • carbon monoxide
34
Q

Hypoxic hypoxia

A

Not enough oxygen in the air or decreasing atmosphere pressure prevents the diffusion of O2

35
Q

Principle role of the white blood cell

A

To fight/control various disease conditions, especially those caused by invading microorganism

36
Q

Oxygen is transported by

A

Red blood cells

-erythrocytes

37
Q

Average adult volume of blood

A

5 liters or above 5% of total weight

38
Q

Night vision begins to decrease at what altitude

A

4000 ft

39
Q

How often is hypo arid refresher training

A

Every 5 years

40
Q

Treatment for spatial d

A

Dr. t

Delay intuitive reactions
Refer to the instruments and develop good cross check
Transfer controls

41
Q

Prevention of spatial d

A

Never fly vfr and ifr
Never fly without visual reference
Avoid self imposed stressors
Trust the instruments

Never, never, avoid, trust

42
Q

Vestibular illusions

A

Somatogyral

  • the leans
  • graveyard spiral
  • coriolis illusion

Somatogravic

  • oculogravic
  • Oculoagravic
  • Elevator illusion
43
Q

Visual illusions

A 
False horizons
Fascination/fixation (4-20 cycles)
Flicker vertigo
Confusion w/ ground lights
Relative motion
Altered planes of reference
Structural illusion
Height/depth perception
Crater illusion
Size/distance 
Auto kinesics
Reversible perspective
44
Q

Proprioceptive systems

A

Sensation resulting from pressure on joints, muscles, and skin

Flying (1 decks)

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