Aerodynamics Practice Test (Cessna Online) Flashcards
During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to:
Stall at a higher airspeed.
What is the definition of load factor?
Additional weight carried by the wings divided by the weight of the aircraft.
Upon encountering severe turbulence, which flight condition should the pilot attempt to maintain?
Level flight attitude.
Why is frost considered hazardous to flight?
Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting capability.
Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?
Turns.
VSO is defined as the:
Stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in the Landing configuration.
The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is:
Heavy, clean, and slow.
Wingtip vortices occur only when the generating aircraft is developing __________.
Lift.
Greatest vortex strength occurs when the wing is at the highest ____________ at the wingtips.
Angle of attack.
During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?
Both wings are stalled.
One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to:
Increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed.
Which V-Speed represents best-angle-of-climb speed?
Vx
Which V-speed represents best-rate-of-climb speed?
Vy.
An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft or the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be:
Difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition.
What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?
Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating.
The speed at which a single flight control can be moved, one time, to its full deflection without risk of damage to the aircraft is:
Maneuvering speed.
Which statement relates to Bernoulli’s principle?
Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
What is the angle of bank after which the load factor notably increases?
45.
Load factor increases at the greatest rate at and above _____ degrees.
45.
When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance?
Stay above its final approach flight path all the way to touchdown.
Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to:
Sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.
As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will:
Remain the same regardless of altitude.
In the same configuration, weight, and load factor, an airplane will always stall at the same indicated airspeed regardless of __________.
Altitude.
In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?
Stalled.
Which would provide the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest distance during climb after takeoff?
Vx.
What is one purpose of wing flaps?
To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed.
Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be:
Less stable at all speeds.
The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of:
Prop blade descending on the right producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left.
Which v-speed represents maximum landing gear extended speed?
VLE.
What v-speed stands for maximum landing gear operating?
VLO.
Which v-speed means maximum flap extending speed?
VFE.
most training airplanes are designed so that the wing stall begins:
At the wing root outward to the wing tip.
The angle of attack for a propeller is defined as:
The angle between the propeller chord line and the relative wind.
What force makes an airplane turn?
The horizontal component of lift.
What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent?
Never-exceed speed.
The term “angle of attack” is defined as the angle between:
Chord line of the wing and the relative wind.
Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affects the aircraft’s
Aerodynamic balance & controllability.
What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators?
Maneuvering speed (VA).
What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight?
Lift = Weight and Thrust = Drag.
The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the:
Speed of the airplane.
An airplane said to be inherently stable will:
Require less effort to control.
VNO is defined as the:
Maximum structural cruising speed.
How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect takeoff performance?
Frost will distrust the smooth flow of air over the wing, adversely affecting its lifting capability.
What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane?
To control yaw.
Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is:
Developing lift.
When does p-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?
When at high angles of attack.
The AOA at which an airplane wing stalls will:
Remain the same regardless of gross weight.
How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?
Outward, upward, and around each tip.
When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft:
Above & upwind from the heavy aircraft.
In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane?
Low airspeed, high power, high AOA.
Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?
Becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed.
What is ground effect?
The result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane.
The condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a:
Light, quartering tailwind.
When takeoff or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to:
Sink into the flight path of aircraft operating below t he aircraft generating that turbulence.
Which v-speed represents maneuvering speed?
VA.
When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?
During unaccelerated flight.
How does frost affect the lifting surfaces of an airplane on takeoff?
Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed.
The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are:
Lift, weight, thrust, and drag.
What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?
The location of the CG with respect to the center of lift.
The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind is known as the angle of:
Attack.
What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nose down when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?
The downwash on the elevators from the prop slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.
After takeoff, which airspeed would the pilot use to gain the most altitude in a given period of time?
VY.
When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying:
Above the large aircraft’s final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft’s touchdown point.
Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at:
Less than the length of the wingspan above the surface.
