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Private Pilot Knowledge Test Prep > Aerodynamics > Flashcards

Aerodynamics Flashcards

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Charter Pilot (Part 135) - Oral flashcards
1
Q

Which V-speed represents maneuvering speed?

A

VA

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2
Q

VNO is defined as the

A

Maximum structural cruising speed.

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3
Q

(Refer to Figure 72.) The horizontal dashed line from point C to point E represents the

A

Positive limit load factor.

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4
Q

An airplane said to be inherently stable will

A

Require less effort to control.

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5
Q

Which V-speed represents maximum flap extended speed?

A

VFE

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6
Q

Which V-speed represents maximum landing gear extended speed?

A

VLE

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7
Q

(Refer to Figure 1.) The acute angle A is the angle of

A

attack.

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8
Q

The speed at which a single flight control can be moved, one time, to its full deflection without risk of damage to the aircraft is

A

Maneuvering speed.

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9
Q

Which V-speed represents best-angle-of-climb speed?

A

VX

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10
Q

(Refer to Figure 2.) If an airplane weighs 3,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 30° banked turn while maintaining altitude?

A

3,960 pounds.

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11
Q

(Refer to Figure 4.) What is the maximum structural cruising speed?

A

165 KTS.

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12
Q

Upon encountering severe turbulence, which flight condition should the pilot attempt to maintain?

A

Level flight attitude.

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13
Q

What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight?

A

Lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.

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14
Q

The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are

A

Lift, weight, thrust, and drag.

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15
Q

As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will

A

Remain the same regardless of altitude.

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16
Q

What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent?

A

Never-exceed speed.

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17
Q

Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be

A

Less stable at all speeds.

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18
Q

(Refer to Figure 72.) What does the vertical line connecting points E and F represent on the airspeed indicator?

A

The red line.

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19
Q

The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will

A

Remain the same regardless of gross weight.

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20
Q

(Refer to Figure 4.) Which marking identifies the never-exceed speed?

A

The red radial line.

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21
Q

When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?

A

When at high angles of attack.

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22
Q

What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators?

A

Maneuvering speed.

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23
Q

The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the

A

Speed of the airplane.

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24
Q

(Refer to Figure 72.) The positive limit load factor is represented by the

A

Horizontal dashed line from C to point E.

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25
Q

What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?

A

The location of the CG with respect to the center of lift.

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26
Q

The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of the

A

Propeller blade descending on the right producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left.

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27
Q

What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?

A

The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.

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28
Q

How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect takeoff performance?

A

Frost will disrupt the smooth flow of air over the wing, adversely affecting its lifting capability.

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29
Q

(Refer to Figure 4.) What is the full flap operating range for airplane?

A

55 to 100 KTS.

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30
Q

VSO is defined as the

A

Stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration.

31
Q

When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance?

A

Stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown.

32
Q

What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?

A

Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating.

33
Q

(Refer to Figure 2.) If an airplane weighs 4,500 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 45° banked turn while maintaining altitude?

A

6,300 pounds.

34
Q

During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to

A

Stall at a higher airspeed.

35
Q

How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?

A

Outward, upward, and around each tip.

36
Q

(Refer to Figure 4.) Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration?

A

Lower limit of the white arc.

37
Q

Which would provide the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest distance during climb after takeoff?

A

VX

38
Q

Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to

A

Sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.

39
Q

Why is frost considered hazardous to flight?

A

Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting capability.

40
Q

The term “angle of attack” is defined as the angle between the

A

Chord line of the wing and the relative wind.

41
Q

Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?

A

Becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed.

42
Q

What is the angle of bank after which the load factor notably increases?

A

45

43
Q

The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind is known as the angle of

A

attack

44
Q

(Refer to Figure 2.) If an airplane weighs 2,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 60° banked turn while maintaining altitude?

A

4,600 pounds.

45
Q

(Refer to Figure 4.) The maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air is

A

208 KTS.

46
Q

(Refer to Figure 4.) What is the maximum flaps-extended speed?

A

100 KTS.

47
Q

What is the definition of load factor?

A

Additional weight carried by the wings divided by the weight of the aircraft.

48
Q

An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be

A

Difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition.

49
Q

(Refer to Figure 4.) Which color identifies the normal flap operating range?

A

The white arc.

50
Q

In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?

A

stalled

51
Q

When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tend to

A

Sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence.

52
Q

Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?

A

Turns

53
Q

The condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a

A

Light, quartering tailwind.

54
Q

(Refer to Figure 4.) What is the caution range of the airplane?

A

165 to 208 KTS.

55
Q

What is ground effect?

A

The result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane.

56
Q

When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying

A

Above the large aircraft’s final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft’s touchdown point.

57
Q

What is one purpose of wing flaps?

A

To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed.

58
Q

(Refer to Figure 4.) Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed on a specified configuration?

A

Lower limit of the green arc.

59
Q

How does frost affect the lifting surfaces of an airplane on takeoff?

A

Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed.

60
Q

During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?

A

Both wings are stalled.

61
Q

What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane?

A

To control yaw.

62
Q

What force makes an airplane turn?

A

The horizontal component lift.

63
Q

What are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?

A

During unaccelerated flight.

64
Q

When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft

A

Above and upwind from the heavy aircraft.

65
Q

The angle of attack for a propeller is defined as

A
66
Q

Which statement relates to Bernoulli’s principle?

A

Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.

67
Q

The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is

A

Heavy, clean, and slow.

68
Q

One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to

A

Increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed.

69
Q

Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is

A

Developing lift.

70
Q

Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the aircraft’s

A

Aerodynamic balance and controllability.

71
Q

Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at

A

Less than the length of the wingspan above the surface.

72
Q

After takeoff, which airspeed would the pilot use to gain the most altitude in a given period of time?

A

VY

73
Q

In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane?

A

Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack.

Private Pilot Knowledge Test Prep (1 decks)

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