Aerodynamic & Aircraft Flashcards
You are planning an IFR flight and need to verify the VOR equipment operational check was accomplished with the preceding
30 days
Which data must be recorded in the aircraft log or other appropriate log by a pilot making a VOR operational check for IFR operations?
The location, date, bearing error, and signature.
When making an airborne VOR check, what is the maximum allowable tolerance between the two indicators of a dual VOR system (units independent of each other except the antenna)?
4 degrees between the two indicated bearings of a VOR.
If while in level flight, it becomes necessary to use an alternate source of statice pressure vented inside the airplane, which of the following variations in instrument indications should the pilot expect?
The altimeter will read higher than normal, airspeed greater than normal, and the VSI will momentarily show a climb.
What should be the Indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from an easterly heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
What should be the Indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from an south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but faster rate than is actually occurring.
What should be the Indication on the magnetic compass when you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from an south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
The compass will indicate a turn to the left, but faster rate than is actually occurring.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard- rate turn to the right from a westerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a northernly heading in the northern hemisphere.
The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a west heading in the northern hemisphere.
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a north heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right.
The rate of turn at any airspeed is dependent upon
The horizontal lift component
What is the relationship between centrifugal force and the horizontal lift component in a coordinated turn?
Horizontal lift and centrifugal force are equal.
During a skidding turn to the right, what is the relationship between the component of lift and centrifugal force, and load factor?
Centrifugal force is greater than horizontal lift and the load factor is increased.
What force causes an airplane to turn?
Horizontal lift component.
Which instrument indicates the quality of turn?
Ball of turn coordinator.
During a constant bank level turn, what effect would an increase in airspeed have on the rate and radius of turn?
Rate of turn would decrease, and radius of turn would increase.
Conditions that determine the pitch attitude required to maintain level flight are
Airspeed, air density, wing design, and angle of attack.
Rate of turn can be increased and radius or turn decreased by
decreasing airspeed and increasing the bank.
The primary reason the angle of attack must be increased , to maintain a constant altitude during a coordinated turn, is because the
Vertical component of lift has decreased as a result of the bank.
Figure 83, Which altimeter depicts 12,000 feet?
4
Figure 83, Which altimeter depicts 8,000 feet?
2
What would be the indication on the VSI during entry into 500 FPM actual decent from level flight if the static ports were iced over?
The VSI pointer would remain at zero regardless of the actual rate of descent.
During flight, if the pitot tube becomes clogged with ice, which of the following instruments would be affected?
The airspeed indicator only.
At an altitude of 6,500 feet MSL, the current altimeter setting is 30.42” Hg. The pressure altitude would be approximately
6,000 feet.
The pressure altitude at a given location is indicated on the altimeter after the altimeter is set to
29.92” Hg.
If the outside air temperature increases during a flight at constant power and at a constant indicated altitude , the true airspeed will
increase and true altitude will increase.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from an east heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
What indications are displayed by the miniature aircraft of a turn coordinator?
Rate of roll and rate of turn.
During normal operations vacuum driven attitude indicator , what attitude indication should you see when rolling of from a 180 degree skidding turn to straight and level coordinated flight?
The miniature aircraft shows a turn in the direction opposite the skid.
During normal coordinated turns, what error due to the precession should you observe when rolling out to straight and level flight from a 180 degree steep turn to the right?
The miniature aircraft would show a slight turn indication to the left.
What information does a Mach meter present?
The ratio of aircraft true airspeed to the speed of sound.
Errors in both pitch and bank indication on an attitude indicator are usually at a maximum as the aircraft rolls out of a
180 degree turn.
If a 180 degree steep turn is made to the right and the aircraft is rolled out of straight and level flight by visual references, the attitude indicator
may show a climb and turn
One characteristic that a properly functioning gyro depends upon for operation is the
resistance of deflection of the spinning wheel or disc.
How should you preflight check the altimeter prior to an IFR flight?
Set the altimeter to current altimeter setting. The indications should be within 75 feet of the actual elevation for acceptable accuracy.
Figure 144, What changes in control displacement should be made so that “2” would result in a coordinated standard rate turn?
Increase left rudder and increase rate of turn.
Figure 144, Which illustration indicates a coordinated turn?
3
Figure 144, Which illustration indicates a skidding turn?
1
Figure 144, What changes in control displacement should be made so that “1” would result in coordinated standard rate turn?
Increase right rudder and increase rate of turn.
Figure 144, Which illustration indicates a slipping turn?
2
When airspeed is decreased in a turn what must be done to maintain level flight?
Decrease the angle of bank and/or increase the angle of attack.
When airspeed is increased in a turn, what must be done to maintain a constant altitude?
Increased the angle of bank and/or decreased the pitch attitude.
The primary reason the pitch attitude must be increased, to maintain a constant altitude during a coordinated turn, is because the
Vertical component of lift has decreased as the result of the bank.
When checking the sensitivity of a VOR receiver, the number of degrees in course change as the OBS is rotated to move the CDI from center to the last dot on either side should be between
10 and 12 degress
If, while in level flight, it becomes necessary to use alternate source of static pressure vented inside the airplane, which of the following should the pilot expect?
The vertical speed to momentarily show a climb.
Figure 76, Which indication would be an acceptable accuracy check of both VOR receivers when the aircraft is located on the VOR receiver checkpoint at Helena Regional Airport?
C
What is the maximum tolerance allowed from an operation VOR equipment check when using a VOT?
Plus or minus 4 degrees.
When using VOT to make a VOR receiver check, the CDI should be centered and the OBS should indicate that the aircraft is on the
360 radial.
How should the pilot make a VOR receiver check when the aircraft is located on the designated checkpoint on the airport surface?
Set the OBS on the designated radial. The CDI must center within plus or minus 4 degrees of that radial with a FROM indication.
When the CDI needle is centered during an airborne VOR check, the omni- bearing selector and the OBS indicator should read
within 6 degrees of the selected radial.
Figure 81, When checking a dual VOR system by use of a VOT, which illustration indicates the VOR’s are satisfactory?
1
While airborne, what is the maximum permissible variation between the two indicated bearings when checking one VOR system against the other?
4 degrees between the two indicated bearings to a VOR.
Figure 82, Which is an acceptable range of accuracy when performing an operational check of dual VOR’s using one system against the other?
1
Where can the VOT frequency for a particular airport be found?
Only in the Airport/Facility Directory.
Which indications are acceptable tolerances when checking both VOR receivers by use of the VOT?
176 degrees TO and 003 degrees FROM, respectively.
In which publication can the VOR receiver ground checkpoint(s) for a particular airport be found?
Airport/ Facility Directory.
Which is the maximum tolerance for the VOR indication when the CDI is centered and the aircraft is directly over the airborne checkpoint?
Plus or minus 6 degrees of the designated radial.
What wind condition prolongs the hazards of wake turbulence on a landing runway for the longest period of time?
Light quartering tailwind.
Wake turbulence is near maximum behind a jet transport just after takeoff because
of high angle of attack and high gross weight.
What effect would a light crosswind of approximately 7 knots have on vortex behavior?
The upwind vortex would tend to remain over the runway.
When landing behind a large jet aircraft, at which point on the runway should you plan to land?
Beyond the jet’s touchdown point.
If both the ram air input and the drain hole of the pitot static system are blocked, what airspeed indication can be expected if large power changes are made?
Remain constant in level flight even during power changes.
If both ram air input and the drain hole of the pitot system are blocked, what reaction should you observe on the airspeed indicator when the power is applied and a climb is initiated out of sever icing conditions?
No change until and actual climb rate is established , then indicated airspeed will increase.
What indication should a pilot observe if an airspeed indicator ram air input and drain hole are blocked?
The airspeed indicator will react as an altimeter.
Under which conditions is hydroplaning most likely to occur?
During conditions of standing water, slush, high speed, and smooth runway texture.
What does the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator display?
The indicator first shows the rate of banking and once stabilized, the turn rate.
In a left turn, correct control coordination is indicated by
the ball of the turn coordinator in the center.
During normal flight with a vacuum driven attitude indicator, control pressures normally should not move the horizon bar more than
one half bar width with not more than an additional one half bar width normal flight deviations.
which system has malfunctioned if your heading indicator is not moving?
Vacuum system or electrical power.
Figure 149, A system which transmits information to the instruments has malfunctioned. Which instruments can you use to determine which system has failed?
Magnetic compass and vacuum pressure gauge.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass when you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a southerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere
The compass will indicate a large change to an easterly heading ahead of the aircraft’s heading.
The loss of an alternator or generator in aircraft equipped with all electronic (often called ‘glass’) flight displays is considered to be
an emergency.
If the Air Data Computer (ADC) is malfunctioning, which information becomes unreliable?
PFD airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed become unreliable.
The instruments for pitch are the
attitude indicator, airspeed indicator, and VSI.
When landing on a wet, smooth runway your airplane begins to hydroplane. You should
raise the nose to increase aerodynamic drag.
Your gyroscopic heading indicator has failed. You are flying heading 180 when ATC directs you to turn right to heading 270. As you begin to turn , you can expect the magnetic compass to
indicate a turn to the right.
If on a northerly heading of 350 you make a left turn to 230, what indication should you observe on the magnetic course?
The compass will show a small lag to the right.
Figure 144, What type of turn is indicated in illustration 2.
Half standard rate slipping turn.
Your gyroscopic heading indicator has failed. You are flying heading 270 when ATC direct you to turn left to heading 180. As you begin to turn, you can expect the magnetic compass to
indicate correctly when initiating the turn.
In an autopilot controlled system, what device actually moves the control surfaces?
Servo
Your altimeter is set to 30.42. You are currently flying at 6,500 feet MSL, and the current reported altimeter setting is 29.82” What is your actual altitude?
Lower than indicated.
