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Aerobic Resiration Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what type of reaction is respiration …bolic

A

catabolic

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2
Q

what does catabolic mean

A

the energy released from breaking down molecules

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3
Q

aerobic resp meaning

A

release of large quantities of atp energy form glucose or other organic molecules

in presence of o2

co2 produces

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4
Q

anaerobic resp meaning

A

takes place in absence of o2 and produces lactic acid in animal cell

produces co2 and ethanol in yeast cell

& both make a SMALL amount of ATP

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5
Q

name 2 substrates that can be used to release energy in respiration

A

glucose

fatty acids

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6
Q

most energy released in resp is released as atp

what about the rest

A

heat

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7
Q

give one similarity and one difference between aerobic and anaerobic

A

both produce co2 and ATP

the anaerobic - much lower yield of energy

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8
Q

atp stands for…

A

adenosine triphosphate

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9
Q

in which molecules is chemical energy stored for resp

A

lipids and carbohydrates like glucose

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10
Q

is atp energy store or energy source

A

source

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11
Q

why is atp called the universal energy currency

A

its a source of energy for many metabolic reactions in all living organisms

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12
Q

whats role of atp on proteins synthesis

A

needed to activate the amino acid chain in the cytoplasm

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13
Q

whats atp role in active transport

A

atp changes the shape of the transport proteins to move molecules against a conc gradient

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14
Q

whats role of atp in bulk transport - exocytosis

A

packaging and transport of secretory products like enzymes in vesicles

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15
Q

whats role of atp innerve transmission

A

Na/K pump needs atp for actively transporting ions across the axon membrane

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16
Q

whats role of atp in muscle contraction

A

atp energy needed for contraction of muscle fibres

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17
Q

whats role of atp in dna replication

A

needed for synthesis of DNA from nucleotides during DNA replication at interphase

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18
Q

how is atp formed ( phosphorylation )

A

atp is formed by phosphorylation when the ENZYME atp synthase combines ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) in a condensation reaction

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19
Q

whats the reaction called when atp is made from phosphorylation and how much energy is needed

A

in a condenstaion reaction

30.6 kj energy input

endergonic reaction

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20
Q

endergonic meaning

A

reaction in which energy is absorbed

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21
Q

how is atp hydrolysed and into what

A

by enzyme ATPase - it hydrolyses the terminal phosphate bond - releasing pocket of 30.6kj energy

makes ADP and Pi

exergonic

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22
Q

exergonic meaning

A

reaction releases energy

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23
Q

advantages of getting energy from atp instead of directly from glucose

A
  • immediate energy where and when its needed
  • only one enxyme to release energy from atp - many needed to release energy from glucose
  • atp easily transported across membranes
  • atp is universal currency
24
Q

where does glycolysis happen

A

cell cytoplasm

25
Q

where does link reaction happen

A

mitochondrial matrix

26
Q

where does the Krebs cycle happen

A

mitochondrial matrix

27
Q

where is electron transport chain

A

inner mitochondrial MEMBRANE - cristae

28
Q

catabolic meaning

A

molecules broken down releasing energy

29
Q

anabolic meaning

A

molecules build up taking energy in

30
Q

whats oxidation

A

loss of electrons / hydrogen

31
Q

whats reduction

A

gain of electrons / hydrogen

32
Q

name the 2 co enzymes that act as hydrogen carriers \9 means get reduced)

A

reduced NAD

reduced FAD

33
Q

how does glucose enter the cell cytoplasm

A

facilitated diffusion through instrinsic carrier protein

34
Q

describe glycolysis

A

start w/ glucose - 2ATP gives 2Pi and leaves becoming 2ADP

This forms hexose phosphate

this then splits into 2x triose phosphate

One hydrogen removed from each triose phosphate by dehydrogenase

NAD comes to pick this hydrogen becoming reduced NAD

2ADP combine w/ Pi to make ATP on each side so 4 ATP made

this makes pyruvate on each side

35
Q

Net ATp in glycolysis

A

2

36
Q

what type of phosphorylation happens in glycolysis

A

substrate-level phosphorylation

37
Q

does glycolysis only happen in aerobic

A

no - both

38
Q

how many times does the link reaction take place per glucose molecule

A

2x

39
Q

role of nad and fad

A

h carriers to etc

40
Q

which product from glycolysis enters the link reaction

A

pyruvate

41
Q

describe + diagram of link reaction

A

pyruvate enters the mitochondria by facilitated diffusion

is then decarboxylated by decarboxylase enz - which removes one molecule of co2 and also dehydrogenated by dehydrogenase - the removed H collected by NAD to become reduced NAD

this results in acetate formed

acetate combines with coenzyme A - which transports acetate to the Krebs cycle

the acetate + coenzyme A complex is called acetyl coenzyme A

42
Q

is any atp made in link reaction?

A

no

43
Q

what are the products of link reaction per glucose molecule?

A

link reaction per glucose - x2

therefore
Reduced NAD per glucose = 2
CO2 per glucose = 2
acetylecoenzymeA per glucse mol - 2

44
Q

how many pyruvates per glucose molecule

A

2

45
Q

why is it adv to have pyruvate as intermediate

why we need to convert and don’t just keep glucose

A

cos
YES - carrier protein to in mitochondria to transport pyruvate in it

NO - carrier protein to carry glucose molecule from cyto to mito

46
Q

role of acetylecoenzymeA

A

Transports acetate from link to krebs cycle

47
Q

how many times does krebs cycle happen pgm

A

acetylecoenzymeA —> 6C —-> 5C —-> 4C —–> 4C

48
Q

IN KREBS
PGM HOW WHAT AND HOW MANY PRODUCTS FORMED

(what type of atp formed)

A

PGM

redNAD - 6
co2 - 4
redFAD -2
ATP - 2 — subs level phoshorylation

49
Q

decarboxylation meaning

A

chemical reaction in which a carboxyl cooh group removed

catalysed by carboxylase enzyme

50
Q

dehydrogenation meaning

A

chemical reaction where hydrogen removed by dehydrogenase enzymes

51
Q

where does the etc take place

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

52
Q

which particles in mito make atp and what are they called

A

at synthase aka stalked particles

found on the inner mito membrane

53
Q

why is it an adv for the inner mito membrane to be folded into cristae

A

increased sa - so more atpp synthase - so more atp made

54
Q

2 functions of the mito dna

A

self relication

codes for many enzymes involved in aerobic resp

55
Q

by what process is atp formed in the etc and which type of phosphorylation

A

oxidative phosphorylation

by chemiosmosis

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