Aeneid 2

Question 1

Translation:
Line 506
forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras.

urbis uti captae casum convulsaque vidit

limina tectorum et medium in penetralibus hostem

Answer 1

Perhaps you may also ask what Priam’s fate was.

When he saw the fall of the captured city and

The entrances of his house torn apart and the enemy in their midst in the inner chambers,

Question 2

Translation:
Line 509

arma diu senior desueta trementibus aevo

circumdat nequiquam umeris et inutile ferrum               510

cingitur, ac densos fertur moriturus in hostis.

Answer 2

In vain the old man put his long unfamiliar armour on his shoulders trembling with age

And he girded on his useless sword

And, about to die, he rushed against the closely-packed enemy.

Question 3

Translation:
Line 512
aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe

ingens ara fuit iuxtaque veterrima laurus

incumbens arae atque umbra complexa penatis.

Answer 3

In the middle of the house and beneath the open vault of heaven

There was a huge altar and nearby a most ancient laurel

Overhanging the altar and embracing the household gods with shade.

Question 4

Translation:
Line 515
hic Hecuba et natae nequiquam altaria circum,               515

praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae,

condensae et divum amplexae simulacra sedebant.

Answer 4

Here Hecuba and her daughters were sitting around the altar in vain, 515

Like doves driven headlong by a dark storm,

Huddled together and embracing the images of the gods.

Question 5

Translation:
Line 518
ipsum autem sumptis Priamum iuvenalibus armis

ut vidit, ‘quae mens tam dira, miserrime coniunx,

impulit his cingi telis? aut quo ruis?’ inquit.               520

Answer 5

However when she saw Priam himself, having taken up the arms of his youth

She said ‘What intention so dreadful, most wretched husband,

Drives you to gird on these weapons? Or where are you rushing to?’ 520

Question 6

Translation:
Line 521
‘non tali auxilio nec defensoribus istis

tempus eget; non, si ipse meus nunc adforet Hector

Answer 6

‘This situation does not need such help nor defenders of that sort

Not [even] if my Hector himself were here now.

Question 7

Translation:
Line 523
huc tandem concede; haec ara tuebitur omnis,

aut moriere simul.’ sic ore effata recepit

ad sese et sacra longaeuum in sede locavit.               525

Answer 7

Come here finally; this altar will protect us all,

Or you will die along with us.’ Having spoken this from her mouth, she drew

The aged one to her and placed him on the sacred throne. 525

Question 8

Translation:
Line 526
ecce autem elapsus Pyrrhi de caede Polites,

unus natorum Priami, per tela, per hostis

porticibus longis fugit et vacua atria lustrat

Answer 8

However – look! – having escaped from the slaughter of Pyrrhus, Polites

One of the sons of Priam, fled through the weapons, through the enemies

Down the long colonnades and moved through the empty halls,

Question 9

Translation:
Line 529
saucius. illum ardens infesto vulnere Pyrrhus

insequitur, iam iamque manu tenet et premit hasta.               530

Answer 9

Wounded. Pyrrhus, fired up, pursued him with a threatening weapon [lit. translation: ‘wound’]

And now, now he held him with his hand and pressed upon him with his spear. 530

Question 10

Translation:
Line 531
ut tandem ante oculos evasit et ora parentum,

concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit.

Answer 10

When he (Polites) finally emerged before the eyes and faces of his parents,

He collapsed and poured out his life with a great deal of blood.

Question 11

Translation:
Line 533
hic Priamus, quamquam in media iam morte tenetur,

non tamen abstinuit nec voci iraeque pepercit:

Answer 11

Here Priam, although he was now held in the midst of death

Did not hold back, however, nor did he spare his voice and anger:

Question 12

Translation:
Line 535
‘at tibi pro scelere,’ exclamat, ‘pro talibus ausis               535

di, si qua est caelo pietas quae talia curet,

Answer 12

He exclaimed ‘Well then, in return for your crime, in return for such outrages 535

If there is any justice in heaven which cares for such things

Question 13

Translation:
Line 537
persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant

debita, qui nati coram me cernere letum

fecisti et patrios foedasti funere vultus.

Answer 13

May the gods pay you a suitable thanks and pay you back such rewards

You who made me see the death of my son before my eyes

And defiled a father’s sight with death.

Question 14

Translation:
Line 540
at non ille, satum quo te mentiris, Achilles               540

talis in hoste fuit Priamo; sed iura fidemque

supplicis erubuit corpusque exsangue sepulcro

reddidit Hectoreum meque in mea regna remisit.’

Answer 14

But that Achilles, from whom you falsely say you were produced 540

Was not such a person [as you] in the case of his enemy Priam; but he respected the rights

And trust of a suppliant, gave back the bloodless body of Hector for burial

And he sent me back into my kingdom.’

Question 15

Translation:
Line 544
sic fatus senior telumque imbelle sine ictu

coniecit, rauco quod protinus aere repulsum,               545

et summo clipei nequiquam umbone pependit.

Answer 15

The old man spoke thus and threw his feeble speak without force

Which was immediately repelled by the harsh-sounding bronze, 545

And hung in vain from the surface of the shield’s boss.

Question 16

Translation:
Line 547:
cui Pyrrhus: ‘referes ergo haec et nuntius ibis

Pelidae genitori. illi mea tristia facta

degeneremque Neoptolemum narrare memento.

Answer 16

To which Pyrrhus [said] : ‘ Then you will report these things and you will go as a messenger

To my father, the son of Peleus. Remember to relate to him my cruel deeds

And that Neoptolemus is degenerate.

Question 17

Translation:
Line 550
‘nunc morere.’ hoc dicens altaria ad ipsa trementem               550

traxit et in multo lapsantem sanguine nati,

implicuitque comam laeva, dextraque coruscum

extulit ac lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem.

Answer 17

Now die!’ While saying this, he dragged to the very altar the trembling (Priam) 550

Slipping in the much of his son’s copious blood,

And he grasped his hair with his left hand and with his right hand and he drew out his flashing sword.

And he buried it up to in his (Priam’s) side.

Question 18

Translation:
Line 554
haec finis Priami fatorum, hic exitus illum

sorte tulit Troiam incensam et prolapsa videntem               555

Pergama, tot quondam populis terrisque superbum

regnatorem Asiae. iacet ingens litore truncus,

avulsumque umeris caput et sine nomine corpus.

Answer 18

This was the end of Priam’s fate, this death carried him

In accordance with density as he saw Troy set on fire and the citadel fallen down, 555

(a man who was) once the proud ruler of so many peoples and races of Asia.

He lied on the shore a huge trunk,

His head torn from his shoulders and a corpse without a name.

Question 19

Translation:
Line 705
dixerat ille, et iam per moenia clarior ignis               705

auditur, propiusque aestus incendia volvunt.

‘ergo age, care pater, cervici imponere nostrae;

Answer 19

He (Anchises) had spoken, and now the fire was heard more clearly through the walls, 705

And the fires rolled the heat nearer.

‘Come then, dear Father, place yourself on my neck;

Question 20

Translation:
Line 708
ipse subibo umeris nec me labor iste gravabit;

quo res cumque cadent, unum et commune periclum,

una salus ambobus erit. mihi parvus Iulus               710

sit comes, et longe servet vestigia coniunx.

Answer 20

I myself will take you up on my shoulders, nor will that task burden me;

However things turn out, there will be one shared danger

There will be one safety for us both. Let little Iulus be 710

Be a companion to me, and let my wife observe my footprints at a distance.

Question 21

Translation:
Line 712

vos, famuli, quae dicam animis advertite vestris.

est urbe egressis tumulus templumque vetustum

desertae Cereris, iuxtaque antiqua cupressus

religione patrum multos servata per annos;               715

Answer 21

You, my attendants, heed in your minds what I shall say.

For those who have left the city there is a hillock and an old temple

Of the deserted Ceres, and next to it an ancient cypress

Preserved for many years by the reverence of our ancestors; 715

Question 22

Translation:
Line 716
hanc ex diverso sedem veniemus in unam.

tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque penatis;

me bello e tanto digressum et caede recenti

attrectare nefas, donec me flumine vivo

abluero.’                                                                           720

Answer 22

We shall come to this one place from different directions.

You, father, take the sacred objects and the ancestral household gods in your hand;

It is a sin that I, having come away from such great war and recent slaughter,

Should touch them, until I (wash) myself in flowing water

Wash.’ 720

Question 23

Translation
Line 721
haec fatus latos umeros subiectaque colla

veste super fulvique insternor pelle leonis,

Answer 23

Having spoken these (words), I covered my broad shoulders and lowered my neck

With a garment on top, the skin of a tawny lion,

Question 24

Translation
Line 723
succedoque oneri; dextrae se parvus Iulus

implicuit sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis;

pone subit coniunx. ferimur per opaca locorum,               725

Answer 24

And I took up the burden, little lulus entwined himself with my right hand

And he followed his father with unequal steps;

My wife followed behind. We rushed through dark places, 725

Question 25

Translation Line 726 et me, quem dudum non ulla iniecta movebant tela neque adverso glomerati examine Grai,

Answer 25

And me – who not long ago was not moved by any weapon thrown, Nor by the Greeks massed together in an opposing swarm,

Question 26

Translation Line 728 nunc omnes terrent aurae, sonus excitat omnis suspensum et pariter comitique onerique timentem.

Answer 26

Was now all the terrified by all the breezes, alarmed by every sound, Apprehensive and fearing for both my companion and burden alike.

Question 27

Translation: Line 730 iamque propinquabam portis omnemque videbar               730 evasisse viam, subito cum creber ad auris visus adesse pedum sonitus, genitorque per umbram prospiciens 'nate,' exclamat, 'fuge, nate; propinquant.

Answer 27

And now I was approaching the gates and I seemed 730 To have passed over every path, when suddenly the repeated sound Of feet seemed to come to my ears and my father Looking ahead through the shade exclaimed ‘Son, flee, son; they are approaching

Question 28

Translation: Line 734 ardentis clipeos atque aera micantia cerno.' hic mihi nescio quod trepido male numen amicum               735 confusam eripuit mentem. namque avia cursu

Answer 28

I see burning shields and flashing bronze.’ Here some unfriendly divine power 735 Snatched my confused mind away from fear. For while I

Question 29

Translation: Line 737 dum sequor et nota excedo regione viarum, heu misero coniunx fatone erepta Creusa substitit, erravitne via seu lapsa resedit, incertum; nec post oculis est reddita nostris.               740

Answer 29

Followed the by-ways at a run and left the known area of paths; Alas whether my wife Creusa, snatched away from wretched me by fate, Stopped or whether she wandered from the path or collapsed and sat down Is uncertain; neither was she restored to my eyes afterwards. 740

Question 30

Translation: Line 768 ausus quin etiam voces iactare per umbram implevi clamore vias, maestusque Creusam nequiquam ingeminans iterumque iterumque vocavi.               770

Answer 30

Nay even having dared to hurl cries through the shade I filled the streets with my shouting and sadly repeating ‘Creusa’ In vain I called her both again and again. 770

Question 31

Translation: Line 771 quaerenti et tectis urbis sine fine ruenti infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae visa mihi ante oculos et nota maior imago.

Answer 31

As I was searching and rushing without end among the buildings of the city The unhappy image and ghost of Creusa herself Appeared to me before my eyes and as a likeness larger than she was known [to me].

Question 32

Translation: Line 774 obstipui, steteruntque comae et uox faucibus haesit. tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis:               775

Answer 32

I was astounded, and my hair stood on end and my voice stuck in my throat. Then she addressed me thus and removed my anxieties with these words: 775

Question 33

Translation: Line 776 'quid tantum insano iuvat indulgere dolori, o dulcis coniunx? non haec sine numine divum eveniunt; nec te comitem hinc portare Creusam fas, aut ille sinit superi regnator Olympi.

Answer 33

‘What use is it to indulge so much in mad grief, O dear husband? These things do not happen without the will of gods; Nor is it right for you to take Creusa as a companion from here Nor does that [great] ruler of high Olympus allow it.

Question 34

Translation: Line 780 longa tibi exsilia et vastum maris aequor arandum,               780 et terram Hesperiam venies, ubi Lydius arva inter opima virum leni fluit agmine Thybris.

Answer 34

You will have a long exile and you must plough a vast expanse of sea, 780 And you will come to the Hesperian Land, where the Lydian Thybris Flows between the fertile fields of men with its gentle stream.

Question 35

Translation: Line 783 illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx parta tibi; lacrimas dilectae pelle Creusae.

Answer 35

There happy things, and a kingdom and a royal wife Have been provided for you; banish your tears for your beloved Creusa.

Question 36

Translation: Line 785 non ego Myrmidonum sedes Dolopumue superbas               785 aspiciam aut Grais servitum matribus ibo, Dardanis et divae Veneris nurus;

Answer 36

I shall not behold the proud homes of the Myrmidons or the Dolopians 785 Or go to be a slave to Greek matrons, As a descendant of Dardanus and the daughter in law of the goddess Venus;

Question 37

Translation Line 788 sed me magna deum genetrix his detinet oris. iamque vale et nati serva communis amorem.'

Answer 37

But the great mother of the gods keeps me in these shores. And now farewell and protect the love of our son we have in common.’

Question 38

Translation Line 790 haec ubi dicta dedit, lacrimantem et multa volentem               790 dicere deseruit, tenuisque recessit in auras. ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum;

Answer 38

When she gave these words, she abandoned me crying and wanting to say many things 790 and she withdrew into the delicate breeze. Three times there I tried to throw my arms around her neck;

Question 39

Translation Line 793 ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, par levibus ventis volucrique simillima somno.

Answer 39

Three times the image which I grasped in vain escaped my hands, Like the light winds and most similar to a fleeting dream.

Question 40

Commentary: Line 506 forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras. urbis uti captae casum convulsaque vidit limina tectorum et medium in penetralibus hostem,

Answer 40

- fricative alliteration 'fortisan ... fuerint ... fata' suggests Aeneas' distate for the dismal fate of Anchises - 'captae casum convulsaque' Cacophony - reflects the bad situation which is the city’s downfall - In terms of form, there is a zoom in from outside, to the house, to the inner chambers, which demonstrates how trapped and enclosed people feel and how the enemy is slowly taking over what they knew to be home and safe.

Question 41

Commentary: Line 509 arma diu senior desueta trementibus aevo circumdat nequiquam umeris et inutile ferrum               510 cingitur, ac densos fertur moriturus in hostes.

Answer 41

- 'inutile' The use of hypallage/ transferred epithet, creates the impression that the sword is useless when really it is the user of the sword (Priam) that is useless. - 'inutile ferrum/cingitur' - enjambment - long, exhausting process for Priam (both mental and physical) as he is an old man - 'densos... moriturus in hostes' enclosed word order - Priam in middle of enemies, hemmed in, no room for fighting

Question 42

Commentary: Line 512 aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe ingens ara fuit iuxtaque veterrima laurus incumbens arae atque umbra complexa penates.

Answer 42

- almost could be called a locus amoenus (charming/tranquil place with nature) - juxtaposed with awful slaughter of Trojans by Greece, derogatory, even worse because it happened at altar (holy place) - 'ara', 'arae', 'penates' - semantic field of divinity - not even gods can protect the Trojans now (in a holy and venerable location)

Question 43

Commentary: Line 515 hic Hecuba et natae nequiquam altaria circum,               515 praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae, condensae et divum amplexae simulacra sedebant.

Answer 43

- dove in storm- 'praeciptites atra ceu tempestate columbae'- relates to the vulnerable daughters sitting in the alter - 'hic Hecuba et natae nequiquam altraia circum' - chiasmus and simile. doves (A in ABBA formation) torn apart by storm (B in ABBA formation). chiasmus depicts peaceful imagery destroyed by the violence of the storm. Foreshadows they will be separated - embracing images of Gods- emphasis on images because they are less significant and helpful than the God's themselves

Question 44

Commentary: Line 518 ipsum autem sumptis Priamum iuvenalibus armis ut vidit, 'quae mens tam dira, miserrime coniunx, impulit his cingi telis? aut quo ruis?' inquit.               520

Answer 44

- rhetorical questions show incredulity

Question 45

Commentary Line 521 'non tali auxilio nec defensoribus istis tempus eget; non, si ipse meus nunc adforet Hector.

Answer 45

- anaphora – repetition of ‘non’ to emphasise the loss - help of that sort shows how desperate they all are that even priam who is old and fragile feels the need to try help - even my hector shows the desperate situation

Question 46

Commentary Line 523 huc tandem concede; haec ara tuebitur omnis, aut moriere simul.' sic ore effata recepit ad sese et sacra longaeuum in sede locavit.               525

Answer 46

- circumlocution - puts emphasis on her words showing the dire situation - priams name is sandwiched inbetween sacred and throne showing protection

Question 47

Commentary Line 526 ecce autem elapsus Pyrrhi de caede Polites, unus natorum Priami, per tela, per hostis porticibus longis fugit et vacua atria lustrat

Answer 47

- direct address - make you more interested | - 'per tela, per hostis' anaphora and asyndeton to create the feeling of forward movement and create suspense

Question 48

Commentary Line 529 saucius. illum ardens infesto vulnere Pyrrhus insequitur, iam iamque manu tenet et premit hasta.               530

Answer 48

- irony: "ardens" means fired up and phyrrus means something to do with fire - this emphasises the fire and danger around - repetition of "iam" to make it seem the events are happening "now" which creates more investment in the events - chiasmus, hand and spear are on either end showing Polites being surrounded with no hope of escape. Press upon and hold are the Bs creating even more feelings of claustrophobia

Question 49

Commentary Line 531 ut tandem ante oculos evasit et ora parentum, concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit.

Answer 49

.- metaphor of his life pouring out to create more pathos for polites

Question 50

Commentary Line 533 hic Priamus, quamquam in media iam morte tenetur, non tamen abstinuit nec voci iraeque pepercit:

Answer 50

- 'tenetur' = passive - show death is out of Priam's control, so it is the gods' or Phyrrus' fault. Also creates pathos for Priam because he is helpless -

Question 51

Commentary Line 535 'at tibi pro scelere,' exclamat, 'pro talibus ausis               535 di, si qua est caelo pietas quae talia curet,

Answer 51

Active verb 'exclamat' (exclaimed) clearly depicts Priam's rage and disgust

Question 52

Commentary Line 537 persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant debita, qui nati coram me cernere letum fecisti et patrios foedasti funere vultus.

Answer 52

- Chiasmus of an economis metaphor mimics the desired the action of repayment - Tautology; the repeating of the idea allows it to hold more emotional impact the second time. abt death - fricative - harsh sound on the ear mirroring the harsh image of being forced to watch his son die.

Question 53

Commentary Line 540 at non ille, satum quo te mentiris, Achilles               540 talis in hoste fuit Priamo; sed iura fidemque supplicis erubuit corpusque exsangue sepulcro reddidit Hectoreum meque in mea regna remisit.'

Answer 53

- 'atum quo te mentiris' = Content : this is an insult as patriacharcal heritage was valued very highly amongst the Greeks. - Context: supplication was a protected act, and it was forbidden to harm or kill a supplicant - 'corpusque exsangue sepulcro' = concentrated tri-colon of death: intensifies the brutality of Priam losing Hector.

Question 54

Commentary Line 544 sic fatus senior telumque imbelle sine ictu coniecit, rauco quod protinus aere repulsum,               545 et summo clipei nequiquam umbone pependit.

Answer 54

- 'imbele sine' = hypallage - actually describes the old man. This highlights his age and further emphasises the futility of the situationas even a spear is useless in his hand - enjambment emphasises the time taken for the spear to be thrown and reach its target. - highlights his age, weakness and inability to fight/defend himself - in vain - the futility of Priam's spear throwing attempt mimics the futility of any attempt of his to defend himself

Question 55

Commentary Line 547: cui Pyrrhus: 'referes ergo haec et nuntius ibis Pelidae genitori. illi mea tristia facta degeneremque Neoptolemum narrare memento.

Answer 55

- 'referes ergo haec et nuntius ibis' = tautology - emphasises Priam's reduction of King to a lowly messenger - demonstrates Pyrrhus' dominance of him = foreshadows Priam's death - Priam will take a message to Achilles (who is dead). -- Pyrrhus finds the prospect of Priam's death and the resulting ability to relay a message to Achilles humorous - Pyrrhus' tone is infantile and mocking --> highlights contrast between old Priam and Pyrrhus - by highlighting their differences in age and maturity, it emphasises how Pyrrhus' life is beginning and Priam's life is about to end

Question 56

Commentary Line 550 'nunc morere.' hoc dicens altaria ad ipsa trementem               550 traxit et in multo lapsantem sanguine nati, implicuitque comam laeva, dextraque coruscum extulit ac lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem.

Answer 56

- enclosing word order - mirrors enclosing nature of situation - 'implicuitque ... coruscum' = chiasmus - centres attention on hands (that commit such a terrible crime) - in extension focusses attention on the murder itself. - enjambment - Pyrrhus is taking his time to elongate Priam's pain --> relishing in and enjoying the murder

Question 57

Commentary Line 554 haec finis Priami fatorum, hic exitus illum sorte tulit Troiam incensam et prolapsa videntem               555 Pergama, tot quondam populis terrisque superbum regnatorem Asiae. iacet ingens litore truncus, avulsumque umeris caput et sine nomine corpus.

Answer 57

- cyclical structure - refers back to mention of fate - brings full circle like Priam's life has gone full circle - emphasises finality - repetition of the idea of fate/ destiny - highlights non escapability of situation - meant to be - the last thing Priam sees is the destruction of his city - creates pathos - tragic as we know how much he treasured his city - tree trunk - dehumanizes and reduces him from a king to an inanimate object - reminiscent of laurel tree - meant to protect Troy but has been reduced to a trunk - graphic imagery reflects violence of war. unnessecary amounts of pain inflicted on Priam - highlights Pyrrhus' pleasure and enjoyment of Priam's death - makes it as painful as possible - nameless corpse - dehumanised - worthless and anonymous --> nothing left of him, no legacy - no Troy left to have a legacy. embarrassing, unsuitable death of a king - pathetic and lonely - Priam has been dragged away from his home/ city - further humiliates him and highlights Pyrrhus' disrespect for Priam's life - highlights loneliness as time of death - creates pathos - Pyrrhus has stripped Priam of his burial rights - can't pass to underworld- can't relay message to Achilles in underworld - reminiscent of Achilles dragging Hectar's body - however Achilles gave the body back - Priam's body is not in the condition to be given back

Question 58

Commentary Line 705 dixerat ille, et iam per moenia clarior ignis               705 auditur, propiusque aestus incendia volvunt. 'ergo age, care pater, cervici imponere nostrae;

Answer 58

- Tautology: The fire increases in closeness (the fire was heard more clearly), (the fire rolled the heat nearer). This emphasises the urgency for Aeneas and his family to leave Troy - "age" is an imperative which conveys urgency and Aeneas' leadership = pietas - Aeneas refers to his neck as "cervici...nostrae" (our neck) because it will support him and his father so it belongs to both of them. This shows his pietas

Question 59

Commentary Line 708 ipse subibo umeris nec me labor iste gravabit; quo res cumque cadent, unum et commune periclum, una salus ambobus erit. mihi parvus Iulus               710 sit comes, et longe servet vestigia coniunx.

Answer 59

- "iste" is usually a contemptuous 'that' and the litotes of "nec...gravabit" also shows that Aeneas does think of his father being on his shoulders as a burden - 'una salus ambobus erit' = Indicative verb suggests that Aeneas is confident they will get out and get to safety, or that is what he would like to believe. -

Question 60

Commentary Line 712 vos, famuli, quae dicam animis advertite vestris. est urbe egressis tumulus templumque vetustum desertae Cereris, iuxtaque antiqua cupressus religione patrum multos servata per annos;               715

Answer 60

- Hypallage - Ceres has also been deserted which shows the ruinous effect of war

Question 61

Commentary Line 716 hanc ex diverso sedem veniemus in unam. tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque penatis; me bello e tanto digressum et caede recenti attrectare nefas, donec me flumine vivo abluero.'                                                                           720

Answer 61

- 'tu...penatis' = The dactylic metre creates a fast paced atmosphere which expresses the urgency of the situation - Shows Aeneas is pious because he didn't want to touch the household gods with his bloody hands, given that blood is a pollutant so will make the gods dirty and would cause miasma (religious pollution) - The emphatic positioning of "abluero" demonstrates the importance of washing impurities, like blood, off of the body. It also shows that Aeneas is pious and respectful towards the gods.``

Question 62

Commentary Line 721 haec fatus latos umeros subiectaque colla veste super fulvique insternor pelle leonis,

Answer 62

- 'leonis' = reminder of Hercules | -

Question 63

Commentary: Line 723 succedoque oneri; dextrae se parvus Iulus implicuit sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis; pone subit coniunx. ferimur per opaca locorum,               725

Answer 63

- Aeneas's use of 'burden' 'oneri' when referring to his father emphasises the inconvenience of having to carrying him, positioning himself as a hero doing an honourable deed - Coniunx is placed at the end of the sentence possibly highlighting that Creusa is forgotten about or an after thought

Question 64

Commentary: Line 726 et me, quem dudum non ulla iniecta movebant tela neque adverso glomerati examine Grai,

Answer 64

- The word order is mixed up which mimics that people are mixed up -

Question 65

Commentary: Line 728 nunc omnes terrent aurae, sonus excitat omnis suspensum et pariter comitique onerique timentem.

Answer 65

- chiasmus - ABCCBA appears as if the noises and breezes are like swarm, surrounding him on every side. the chiasmus is like a reflection - polyptoton - omnes, omnis emphasizes Aeneas' fear - meter word accent falls on the second of each of the second, third, and forth foot displays Aeneas jumping at the noises/breezes

Question 66

Commentary: Line 730 iamque propinquabam portis omnemque videbar               730 evasisse viam, subito cum creber ad auris visus adesse pedum sonitus, genitorque per umbram prospiciens 'nate,' exclamat, 'fuge, nate; propinquant.

Answer 66

- 'videbar' = The use of the imperfect passive here 'seemed' implies that he cannot fully trust what he sees, emphasising the chaos at that moment as he rushes with his father, son and wife. - The adjective 'creber' (repeated) here suggests that either many enemies are approaching, or that he is slightly hallucinating and losing control o his senses, making sounds appear repeated. - The 'cum creber' creating cacophany demonstrates the agressive sounds he is hearing -'nate...nate' = Chiasmus - could imply how Aeneas surrounds/ is responsible for his family. Imperative - sense of urgency, repetition emphasises this.

Question 67

Commentary: Line 734 ardentis clipeos atque aera micantia cerno.' hic mihi nescio quod trepido male numen amicum               735 confusam eripuit mentem. namque avia cursu

Answer 67

- 'ardentis clipeos' (burning shields) and 'area micantia' (flashing bronze) = Tautology - makes the threat seem greater. - also example of Chiasmus = mirrored structure reflects the content. overwhelmed by fire. - prolepsis - his mind shouldn't be confused yet, so emphasises how confused he became after his mind was snatched away

Question 68

Commentary: Line 737 dum sequor et nota excedo regione viarum, heu misero coniunx fatone erepta Creusa substitit, erravitne via seu lapsa resedit, incertum; nec post oculis est reddita nostris.               740

Answer 68

- tricolon of nescience: doesn;t know what happened to Creusa - emjambment and emphatic position of "incertum" to emphasize his confusion and uncertainty - being confused creates more pathos for him so we are less judgemental at him for losing his wife. - polysyndeton dramtaises the plausible causes - circumlocution = micmics his confused state

Question 69

Commentary: Line 768 ausus quin etiam voces iactare per umbram implevi clamore vias, maestusque Creusam nequiquam ingeminans iterumque iterumque vocavi.               770

Answer 69

- emphatic position of 'umbram' which emphasies Aeneas' bravery and sets the mood of darkness - tetra colon diminuendo going from 'iactare' (hurl) and 'voces' (call) to shouting and sadly repeating - the verb loses intensity and force as he realizes his are futile and Creusa is gone.

Question 70

Commentary: Line 771 quaerenti et tectis urbis sine fine ruenti infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae visa mihi ante oculos et nota maior imago.`

Answer 70

- simalacrum and umbra = Tautology emphasising that Cruesa is not alive

Question 71

Commentary: Line 774 obstipui, steteruntque comae et uox faucibus haesit. tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis:               775

Answer 71

- tricolon of reactions emphasising his shock -

Question 72

Commentary: Line 776 'quid tantum insano iuvat indulgere dolori, o dulcis coniunx? non haec sine numine divum eveniunt; nec te comitem hinc portare Creusam fas, aut ille sinit superi regnator Olympi.

Answer 72

- rhetorical question - echoes the idea that ghosts are all knowing - litotes'non' and 'nec' - she seems in control; acting as the god's vessel - 'divum' (gods) emphasising the fall of troy - subsequent loss is predestined' = Aeneas trying to justify his actions to get Dido's approval?

Question 73

Commentary: Line 780 longa tibi exsilia et vastum maris aequor arandum,               780 et terram Hesperiam venies, ubi Lydius arva inter opima virum leni fluit agmine Thybris.

Answer 73

- 'exsilla' is poetic plural = prolepsis of his 7 year wandering - 'arandum' (plough) and 'arva' (ploughed fields) = repeated idea of agriculture - upon which Italy was founded - figura etymologica - last line is a lovely calming description - hopeful promise

Question 74

Commentary: Line 783 illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx parta tibi; lacrimas dilectae pelle Creusae.

Answer 74

'res' regnum' and 'regia' = tricolon, making it sound more appealing - parta tibi = enjambment which delays the climax and offers unexpected relief and certainity

Question 75

Commentary: Line 785 non ego Myrmidonum sedes Dolopumue superbas               785 aspiciam aut Grais servitum matribus ibo, Dardanis et divae Veneris nurus;

Answer 75

- sedes and superbas = sibilance and portrays Creusa's hissing disapproval of the Greeks - Creusa stresses her divine descent and the fact that it is not a full line could emphasise her indignation

Question 76

Commentary: Line 788 sed me magna deum genetrix his detinet oris. iamque vale et nati serva communis amorem.'

Answer 76

- Creusa's final word to Aeneas is love highlighting her care for him and their family

Question 77

Commentary: Line 790 haec ubi dicta dedit, lacrimantem et multa volentem               790 dicere deseruit, tenuisque recessit in auras. ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum;

Answer 77

- The semantic field of image throughout the appearance of Creusa's ghost empahsises how she is not there and that Aeneas reality might not be the one that is being retold to Dido. - 'ter' three times is a common trope of Roman Literature

Question 78

Commentary: ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, par levibus ventis volucrique simillima somno.

Answer 78

- 'ter' three times links to Homer's Odysseus which increases the sadness felt and makes it more moving for the audience - The use of the superlative emphasises how short the visit of Creusa's ghost felt and the sibilance (simillima somno) creates a soft, soothing atmosphere.