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EMT > AEMT Drugs Sevier County Utah > Flashcards

AEMT Drugs Sevier County Utah Flashcards

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1
Q

Activated Charcoal Indications

A

To treat in cases of poisonings and overdoses. Effectively binds to: ASA, amphetamines, Dilantin, strychnine, and phenobarbital .

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2
Q

Activated charcoal dosage

A

Adult 50 grams

Ped 1gm/kg, 50 gm max dose

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3
Q

Activated charcoal route of admin.

A

Oral

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4
Q

Activated charcoal therapeutic effects

A

It binds and absorbs ingested toxins still present in the gastrointestinal tract following emesis. Once bound, the combination is excreted.

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5
Q

Activated charcoal contraindications

A

Should not be given in: cyanide poisoning, caustic acids or alkalis, methanol (alcohol), iron pills, and lithium.

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6
Q

Activated charcoal side effects

A

May indirectly induce vomiting and cause nausea.

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7
Q

Activated charcoal special notes/restrictions

A

Patient should be alert and able to swallow. Take extra precautions to protect the airway against aspirations. Ruins clothing that it touches.

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8
Q

Activated charcoal supplied

A

25 and 50 gram slurry in a pre-filled tube.

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9
Q

Atropine Sulfate Indications

A

Sinus (normal tracing) bradycardia (p<30) and hypotension. PEA (pulseless electrical activity and asystole. Organophosphate poisoning.

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10
Q

Atropine sulfate route of admin.

A

IV, IO, ET, IM

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11
Q

Atropine sulfate dosage

A

Bradycardia: 0.5 mg with pulse<30 repeat q 3-5 minutes to max dose of 3 mg.
Asystole, PEA: 1 mg IV push q every 3-5 minutes, max of 0.04 mg/kg.
Dose 2-2.5 times via ET

Peds: not indicated.

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12
Q

Atropine Sulfate Therapeutic Effects

A

Increased heart rate. Increases SA and AV node conduction. Doesn’t allow parasympathetic nervous system to intervene to slow heart down.

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13
Q

Atropine Sulfate Contraindications

A

Tachycardia, Glaucoma, Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, Atrial tachycardia, V-fib, V-tach.

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14
Q

Atropine Sulfate Side Effects

A

Tachycardia, Dry mouth, thirst, flushing skin, blurred vision, headache, pupillary dilation, urine retension.

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15
Q

Atropine Sulfate Supplied

A

Preloaded Syringe 1mg/10ml at 0.1mg/ml.

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16
Q

Albuterol Indications

A

Acute Bronchospasm, wheezing, asthma, allergic reactions (anaphylaxis).

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17
Q

Albuterol route of admin.

A

Hand held metered dose inhaler (MDI), hand held nebulizer.

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18
Q

Albuterol dosage

A

Adult MDI 1-2 puffs per dose
Adult nebulizer 2.5 mg in 3ml normal saline, 3 dose max 10 minutes apart
Ped MDI 1-2 puffs per dose
Ped nebulizer 2.5 mg in 3ml normal saline, 3 doses max 10 minutes apart

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19
Q

Albuterol therapeutic effects

A

Decreases bronchospasm, improves pulmonary function. Main effect is bronchodilator.

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20
Q

Albuterol contraindications

A

Pts with known hypersensitivity to drug.

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21
Q

Albuterol side effects

A

Tremor, dizziness, nervousness, headache, nausea, tachycardia, angina, palpitations.

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22
Q

Albuterol special notes/restrictions

A

Assess pt respiratory status after each dose to determine the need of 2nd and/or 3rd doses.

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23
Q

Albuterol supplied

A

MDI, unit vial of 2.5mg/3ml for use in nebulizer.

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24
Q

Baby Aspirin Indications

A

Chest pain suspicious of cardiac origin. Myocardial infarction.

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25
Q

Baby ASA route of admin.

A

Oral, chew, P.O.

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26
Q

Baby aspirin dosage

A 
324 mg (4 tabs)
Peds: not recommended.
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27
Q

Baby Aspirin Therapeutic Effects

A

Given as an early potent anticoagulant. Blocks platelet aggregation and artery constriction. Reduce overall mortality of acute MI. Reduce nonfatal reinfarction.

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28
Q

Baby Aspirin Contraindications

A

Active ulcer/GI bleed. Hypersensitivity or allergy to aspirin. Any type of internal bleeding.

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29
Q

Baby Aspirin Side Effects

A

Allergic reaction, nausea/vomiting, indigestion, heartburn, tinnitus

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30
Q

Baby Aspirin Supplied

A

Tablets of 81 mg each.

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31
Q

D-50 Indications

A

Suspected hypoglycemia, altered LOC, coma/seizure of unknown etiology.

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32
Q

D 50 route of admin.

A

IV, IO, through free flowing line. 18 gauge IV best. 20 gauge - push slower.

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33
Q

D 50 dosage

A

Adult: D 50% 25 g in a 50 ml solution, slow admin (titrate)
Peds: D 25% 2ml/kg pediatrics > 3 kg to 27 kg IV titrate to effect. (D50%: 25 g in a 50 ml solution titrate pediatrics > 37kg.) (For D25% mix: add 25 ml of dextrose 50% to 25 ml LR/NS)

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33
Q

D 50 Therapeutic Effects

A

Immediate source of glucose in circulating system.

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34
Q

D 50 Contraindications

A

Intercranial hemorrhage, Known CVA (stroke). (Dextrose can get into that tissue and cause necrosis.)

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35
Q

D 50 Side Effects

A

Local irritation. May precipitate severe neurologic symptoms in alcoholics.

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36
Q

D 50 Special Notes/Restrictions

A

Causes local tissue necrosis if IV infiltrates. Check glucose level prior to administration if possible.

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37
Q

D 50 Supplied

A

Pre-filled syringes and vials containing 50 ml of 50% dextrose (25 grams of dextrose).

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38
Q

Epinephrine 1:10,000 Indications

A

Ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, pulseless electrical activity (PEA).

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39
Q

Epi 1:10,000 route of admin.

A

IV, IO, ET

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40
Q

Epi 1:10,000 dosage

A

IV/IO 1mg push repeated q 3-5 minutes. ET 2mg repeat every 3-5 minutes.

Peds: 0.01 mg/kg push repeated every 3-5 minutes. ET 0.02? Mg/kg repeated q 3-5 minutes.

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41
Q

Epi 1:10,000 Therapeutic Effects

A

Increased heart rate. Increased myocardial contraction. Increased automaticity.

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42
Q

Epi 1:10,000 Contraindications

A

There are no contraindications in cardiac arrest.

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43
Q

Epi 1:10,000 Side Effects

A

None

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44
Q

Epi 1:10,000 Special Notes/Restrictions

A

None

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45
Q

Epi 1:10,000 Supplied

A

Pre-filled syringes containing 1 mg epinephrine in 10 ml solution.

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46
Q

Epinephrine 1:1,000 Indications

A

Anaphylaxis, Bronchospasm/asthma.

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47
Q

Epi 1:1,000 route of admin.

A

SQ, IM

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48
Q

Epi 1:1,000 dosage

A

SQ 0.3mg, can repeat 3 x with 10 minute intervals.

Ped: SQ 0.01mg/kg up to 0.3mg, can repeat 3x at 10 minute intervals.

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49
Q

Epi 1:1,000 Therapeutic Effects

A

Increase systemic vascular resistance. Increased BP, Increased heart rate. Bronchial dilator.

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50
Q

Epi 1:1,000 Contraindications

A

Hypertension, Dysrhythmias, Tachycardia, Chest Pain.

51
Q

Epi 1:1,000 Side Effects

A

Palpitations, Dysrhythmias, Hypertension, Tachycardia, Anxiety, Headache, Tremors, Nausea, Vomiting.

52
Q

Epi 1:1,000 Special Notes/Restrictions

A

Use with pregnant women should be avoided whenever possible. (Vasoconstriction could cut off blood flow to the placenta.)

53
Q

Epi 1:1,000 Supplied

A

Ampule containing 1mg/ml

54
Q

Glucagon Indications

A

Hypoglycemia. (“Back up” to D 50)

55
Q

Glucagon route of admin.

A

SQ, IM, IV, IO (IM best)

56
Q

Glucagon dosage

A

1mg (Use 3cc syringe)

Ped 0.1mg/kg (max dose 1mg)

57
Q

Glucagon Therapeutic Effects

A

Causes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. Inhibits glycogen synthesis. Elevates blood glucose level.

58
Q

Glucagon Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

59
Q

Glucagon Side Effects

A

Relatively free of adverse reactions except for occasional nausea and vomiting.

60
Q

Glucagon Special Notes/Restrictions

A

Use when IV access is unavailable, IM preferred route. May repeat 1-2 times if no response (15-20 minutes between doses). Glucagon only works if the liver has glycogen stores.

61
Q

Glucagon Supplied

A

2 vials to be mixed (one powder, one liquid) End item: 1mg/ml (1unit)

62
Q

Lactated Ringers Indications

A

Hypotension, dehydration, burns, KVO, boluses.

63
Q

Lactated ringers route of admin.

A

IV or IO infusion.

64
Q

Lactated ringers dosage

A

As indicated by the pt condition and situation being treated.

65
Q

Lactated Ringers Therapeutic Effects

A

Source of electrolytes. Increase circulating volume.

66
Q

Lactated Ringers Contraindications

A

Congestive heart failure, renal failure, fluid overload.

67
Q

Lactated Ringers Side Effects

A

Rare

68
Q

Lactated Ringers Special Notes/Restrictions

A

Classification: Isotonic crystalloid.

69
Q

Lactated Ringers Supplied

A

(Blank)

70
Q

Lidocaine Indications

A

Pain due to OI infusion.

71
Q

Lidocaine route of admin.

A

Slow push IO

72
Q

Lidocaine dosage

A

20-40 mg SLOW PUSH (so it doesn’t go to the heart. Can kill a person.)

Ped: 0.5mg/kg slow push.

73
Q

Lidocaine Therapeutic Effects

A

Anesthetic effect due to IO infusion.

74
Q

Lidocaine Contraindications

A

History of allergy to lido or local anesthetics.

75
Q

Lidocaine Side Effects

A

(Blank)

76
Q

Lidocaine Special Notes/Restrictions

A

(Blank)

77
Q

Lidocaine Supplied

A

Pre-filled syringes 100mg in 5 ml. (20mg/ml)

78
Q

Versed (midazolam) Indications

A

Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, (Not in current protocol - skeletal muscle relaxant, acute anxiety states.) Active seizure - if not sure, lift eyelid to see eye movement.

79
Q

Midazolam/Versed route of admin.

A

Slow IV, IM, IO, IN

80
Q

Midazolam/Versed dosage

A

IV/IO 1-2mg initial 2 min intervals, slow titrate 2mg at a time up to 10 mg max dose or until desired effect obtained.
IM 2-5mg
IN (intranasal) 0.25-0.5 mg/kg to max of 20 mg one time dose. (Atomizer)

Peds IV/IO 0.05mg/kg max dose 0.4mg/kg (4 doses) at 2 minute intervals or until desired effect.
IM 0.1-0.15mg/kg
IN 0.25-0.5mg/kg max dose 20 mg one time dose (Atomizer)

WATCH DOSAGES AND ROUTES

81
Q

Midazolam/Versed Therapeutic Effects

A

Short acting CNS depressant. Anticonvulsant, Short term sedation.

82
Q

Midazolam/Versed Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity, shock/hypotension, Glaucoma, Coma, Pregnancy, Renal Failure, ETOH Use Half Dose

83
Q

Midazolam/Versed Side Effects

A

Cardiac arrhythmias, apnea, hypotension. (Monitor Airway)

84
Q

Midazolam/Versed Special Notes/Restrictions

A

SBP must be > 100 mmhg adult, > 70 + (age in years x 2). Impairs memory in 90% of patients.

85
Q

Midazolam/Versed Supplied

A

5 mg multi dose vial at 5mg/ml.

86
Q

Morphine sulfate Indications

A

Severe pain in selected situations, acute myocardial infarction (AMI). HAVE NARCAN READY IN CASE OF HYPERSENSITIVITY.

If pain 6+ then consider use. Take vitals between doses.

87
Q

Morphine sulfate route of admin.

A

IV, IO, IM, SQ

88
Q

Morphine sulfate dosage

A

IV, IO, IM, SQ 1-15 mg (2-4 mg increments) titrate to effect.

Peds same routes 0.1-0.2mg/kg (1-4 mg increments) max 10mg, titrate to effect.

89
Q

Morphine sulfate Therapeutic Effects

A

Decreased to pain perception and anxiety. Peripheral vasodilation/venous pooling. Decreased myocardial work load. (Possible use in chest pain.)

90
Q

Morphine sulfate Contraindications

A

Head injury*, hypotension, asthma/COPD/respiratory depression, hypersensitivity to MS

91
Q

Morphine sulfate Side Effects

A

Respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, nausea/vomiting (Monitor Airway and Breathing)

92
Q

Morphine sulfate Special Notes/Restrictions

A

Have Narcan and respiratory assistance available. Monitor vitals closely.

93
Q

Morphine sulfate Supplied

A

10mg/ml preloaded syringes. 0.1 ml = 1mg

94
Q

Narcan Indications

A 
Narcotic overdoses (morphine, Demerol, heroin, dilaudid, paregoric, percodan, fentanyl, methadone, codeine)
Synthetic analgesic overdose (Nubain, talwin, stadol, darvon/darvocet)
95
Q

Narcan route of admin.

A

IV, IO, IM, SQ, ET

Preferred IV

96
Q

Narcan dosage

A

0.4-2mg IV titrated slowly to adequate respirations. 0.8 mg IM per dose when IV is not established.

Ped: 0.1 mg/kg slow admin titrated to adequate respirations.

97
Q

Narcan Therapeutic Effects

A

Reverses most effects of narcotic and synthetic narcotic agents.

98
Q

Narcan Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

99
Q

Narcan Side Effects

A

Vomiting with rapid administration, ventricular dysrhythmias, precipitate acute narcotic withdrawal syndrome, seizures, hypertension.

(Monitor Resp)

100
Q

Narcan Special Notes/Restrictions

A

Rapid onset, short acting - possible re-sedation. Slow administration (may induce vomiting if given too quickly)

101
Q

Narcan Supplied

A

2 mg at 1mg/ml pre-filled syringe.

102
Q

Nitroglycerin Indications

A

Chest pain consistent with acute coronary symptoms.

103
Q

Nitroglycerin route of admin.

A

Sublingual

104
Q

Nitroglycerine dosage

A

0.4 mg q 5 minutes, max 3 doses as long as SBP>100 mmHg, as long as symptoms persist.

Ped: not indicated.

105
Q

Nitroglycerin Therapeutic Effects

A

Dilates coronary and system arteries. Increases blood pooling -> less preload -> less cardio work load.

106
Q

Nitroglycerin Contraindications

A

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP), hypotension/shock, glaucoma, Use of Viagra/Cialis/Levitra med within previous 24 hours.

107
Q

Nitroglycerin Side Effects

A

Headache, dizziness, hypotension

108
Q

Nitroglycerin Special Notes/Restrictions

A

Monitor vitals closely. IV access preferred prior to administration if possible.

109
Q

Nitroglycerin Supplied

A

Ointments, tablets, sustained release capsules, spray or patches. Field use, tablets or spray of 0.4 mg per dose are preferred.

110
Q

Oral glucose Indications

A

Hypoglycemia, altered LOC with Hx of diabetes.

111
Q

Oral glucose route of admin.

A

Oral

112
Q

Oral glucose dosage

A

15 grams

Ped: 15 grams

113
Q

Oral Glucose Therapeutic Effects

A

Source of glucose that is quickly absorbed.

114
Q

Oral Glucose Contraindications

A

Inability to swallow or protect airway.

115
Q

Oral Glucose Side Effects

A

(Blank)

116
Q

Oral Glucose Special Notes/Restrictions

A

Takes a long time to get into the system.

117
Q

Oral Glucose Supplied

A

15 gr gel filled tube

118
Q

Oxygen Indications

A

Any condition in which hypoxemia may be present.

119
Q

Oxygen route of admin.

A

Inhalation

120
Q

Oxygen dosage

A

15 liters per min NRB mask

Ped: 15 liters/min NRB mask blow-by.

122
Q

Oxygen Contraindications

A

None

123
Q

Oxygen Supplied

A

As a compressed gas

124
Q

Nitrous Oxide Route

A

Inhalation

125
Q

Nitrous Oxide Dosage

A

Demand mask.

126
Q

Nitrous Oxide Contraindications

A

Collapsed lung, tension pneumothorax, COPD

127
Q

Nitrous Oxide Side Effects

A

Nausea, dizziness, hypotension, respiratory depression.

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