AE - Chapter 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
Alkali Metals
Elements found in Group 1 of the periodic table of elements; these metals have low melting points and react easily with water and air (Pg. 183)
Alloy
A solution of two or more metals (Pg. 159)
Atom
The smallest unit of an element that has all the element’s properties (Pg. 151)
Atomic Mass
The average mass of an element’s atoms (Pg. 181)
Atomic Theory
The theory that explains the nature of matter; study of the nature of atoms and how they combine to form all types of matter (Pg. 151)
Atomic Mass Unit
A unit of measure used to measure an atom’s mass (Pg. 181)
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom of an element (Pg. 180)
Bond
The attraction between atoms or ions (Pg. 170)
Chemical Formula
A formula that identifies which elements, and how many atoms or ions of each, are in a compound (Pg. 172)
Covalent Bond
The attraction between atoms created by the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms (Pg. 171)
Electron
A negatively charged particle in an atom, located outside the nucleus of an atom (Pg. 152, 207)
Group (Chemical Family)
One of 18 vertical columns in the periodic table of elements; classification of elements with certain shared physical and chemical properties; also knows as a chemical family (Pg. 182)
Halogens
Elements found in Group 17 of the periodic table of elements; these non-metals are all very reactive (Pg. 183)
Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge as the result of losing or gaining electrons (Pg. 170)
Ion Charge
An electric charge that an atom or group of joined atoms takes on when it loses or gains electrons (Pg. 181)
Ionic Bond
The attraction between ions of opposite charges; ex: bond in an ionic compound (Pg. 170)
Ionic Compound
A pure substance formed when at least one metal and one non-metal combine chemically (Pg. 169)
Law
A generalized description of some aspect of the physical world under certain conditions (Pg. 149)
Metalloids
Elements with metallic and non-metallic properties ex: silicon (Pg. 160)
Metals
Elements that are malleable and ductile, and conduct electricity and hear; most elements are metals (Pg. 159)
Molecular Compound
A pure substance formed when non-metals combine chemically (Pg. 171)
Molecule
A group of atoms that share electrons; molecular compounds contain molecules (Pg. 171)
Neutral
The property of having no overall electric charge; both the positive and negative charges are equal (Pg. 170)
Neutron
A neutral particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of the atom (Pg. 153, 207)
Noble Gases
Elements found in Group 18 of the periodic table of elements; these gases are not chemically relative except in certain special conditions (Pg. 184)
Non-metals
Elements that do not resemble metals; non-metals are brittle and generally do not conduct electricity or heat (Pg. 160)
Nucleus
The center of an atom where all of the atom’s positive charge and most of an atom’s mass are concentrated (Pg. 153, 207)
Period
One of seven horizontal rows in their periodic table of elements (Pg. 182)
Periodic Table of Elements
A chart that organizes all of the elements in rows and columns; also called periodic table (Pg. 180)
Proton
A positively charged particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of the atom (Pg. 153, 207)
Relative Mass
The mass of an object in comparison to the mass of another object (Pg. 154)
Subatomic Particle
A particle that makes up an atom; includes protons, neutrons, and electrons (Pg. 154)
Theory
A generalized explanation of a set of related observations or events supported by research and good arguments (Pg. 149)
