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PTU Flashcards > Adverse Reactions Anti-Infectives > Flashcards

Adverse Reactions Anti-Infectives Flashcards

1
Q

Class of anti-infectives that can cause yellow or brown discoloration of teeth

A

Tetracyclines (antibiotics)

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2
Q

Anti-infective drug that can cause “red-man syndrome” when administered ________

A

Vancomycin (antibiotic); intravenously

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3
Q

Classes of antibiotics known to cause allergic or hypersensitive reactions

A

Beta-lactams and sulfanomides

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4
Q

Common adverse reactions to antibiotics (3)

A

Diarrhea, nausea, yeast infections

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5
Q

Drugs ending in -cin or -acin commonly belong to __________

A

Antibiotics; Aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones

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6
Q

Metronidazole, which is an anti________, can cause nausea, severe vomiting, or dizziness when mixed with this substance:

A

[Anti]biotic; alcohol

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7
Q

Drugs ending in -cillin are __________

A

Antibiotics; penicillins

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8
Q

Beta-lactams are a class of _________ that contain four groups of drugs:

A

Antibiotics; Cephalosporins, penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams

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9
Q

Two classes of antibiotics that begin with N

A

Nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles

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10
Q

Drugs containing cef- belong to the _________ class of ___________

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactams); antibiotics

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11
Q

Two lab tests that may be used to monitor the functioning of the kidneys when taking certain antibiotics

A

BUN and SCr; Blood urea Nitrogen and serum creatinine level

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12
Q

These two antibiotics should not be mixed in the same IV line

A

Ampicillin and aminoglycosides

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13
Q

_____________, an antibiotic, can be hard on the kidneys and cause nephrotoxicity at high doses

A

Vancomycin

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14
Q

_________ is an antibiotic that should not be taken with wine, aged cheese, or chocolate

A

Linezolid

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15
Q

These types of antibiotics can be a somewhat common allergy for some patients

A

Penicillins

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16
Q

The ______________ class of antibiotics can cause increased risk of tendon issues

A

Fluoroquinolones

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17
Q

Steroids, like betamethasone, can be added to topical forms of this type of anti-infective

A

Antifungals

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18
Q

This antifungal is available OTC

A

Miconazole

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19
Q

Drug ending in -azole commonly belong to the __________ group of anti-infectives, but can also belong to __________

A

Anti-fungal; antibiotics

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20
Q

Common adverse reactions associated with antifungal drugs (4)

A

Liver damage (hepatotoxicity), nausea, diarrhea, skin irritation (for topical)

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21
Q

_______________, a type of antifungal, is known to cause allergic reactions, though rare

A

Amphotericin B

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22
Q

These 5 antifungals require liver monitoring

A

Fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, itraconazole, terbinafine

(Diflucan, Nizoral, Mycelex, Sporanox, Lamisil) (in order)

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23
Q

Drugs containing AF can be a hint that they belong to the _________ group of anti-infectives

A

Antifungal

24
Q

Itraconazole is an anti_______ and should be administered with this condition

A

[anti]fungal; should be taken with a full meal

25
Q

Ketoconazole should not be mixed with….

26
Q

__________, an antifungal, should not be used in pregnant patients

A

Fluconazole

27
Q

A type of virus that is difficult to treat with antivirals

A

Cold viruses

28
Q

These types of drugs can be used to help prevent the effects of HIV

A

PrEP and PEP; HIV-pre-exposure prophylaxis

29
Q

Common adverse reactions associated with antivirals (3)

A

Headache, nausea, abdominal pain

30
Q

Zovirax (generic name ___________) should be avoided in patients who have an allergy to…

A

Acyclovir; milk proteins (antiviral)

31
Q

These two antiviral drugs can reduce the efficacy of varicella vaccines (VAR and MMRV)

A

Valacyclovir and acyclovir

32
Q

These two antiviral drugs can reduce the efficacy of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)

A

Oseltamivir and zanamivir (FluMist)

33
Q

For drugs that interfere with the efficacy of the LAIV vaccinations, these drugs should not be taken ________ before or ________ after vaccine administration

A

2 weeks; 48 hours (oseltamivir and zanamivir)

34
Q

For drugs that interfere with the efficacy of the VAR and MMRV vaccinations, these drugs should not be taken ________ before or ________ after vaccine administration

A

24 hours; 2 weeks (valacyclovir and acyclovir)

35
Q

Drugs ending in -vir commonly belong to the ____________ group of anti-infectives

36
Q

Special consideration for PrEP and PEP drugs; these also belong to the _________ group

A

Patients must be HIV negative before starting; antiviral

37
Q

Kidney function may be monitored when taking these antivirals (4)

A

Acyclovir, valacyclovir, emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, and emtricitabine/tenofovor disoproxil

38
Q

This antiviral can weaken barrier contraceptives

A

Imiquimod (Aldara)

39
Q

High-alert antivirals

A

PrEP and PEP drugs

40
Q

Common adverse reactions to antiparasitics (3)

A

Headache, nausea, vomiting

41
Q

Long-term use of antiparasitics may cause damage to this organ

A

Liver

(Could accept heart as well but that is specific to certain drugs)

42
Q

Long-term use of these two antiparasitics may cause heart issues

A

Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine

43
Q

Hydroxychloroquine, when mixed with _________, can cause major heart issues

A

Amiodarone

44
Q

Drugs ending in -quine belong to the __________ group of anti-infectives and treat _______

A

Antiparasitics; malaria

45
Q

In the antiparasitics group, ___________ should be taken with food, while ___________ should be taken on an empty stomach

A

Atovaquone; ivermectin

46
Q

This type of virus commonly treated by antivirals is highly contagious and can appear in different forms

47
Q

This type of virus can lead to chicken pox and shingles

A

Varicella-zoster

48
Q

_______ is a term used to describe a fungal infection

49
Q

Doxycycline and minocycline are part of the _______ group of anti-infectives and are _____________ class

A

Antibiotics; tetracycline

50
Q

Tetracyclines, which are anti________, should be avoided in this population

A

[anti]biotic; children under 8

51
Q

These three antibiotics should be used with caution in patients with a penicillin allergy

A

Ertapenem, meropenem, azteronam

52
Q

These two antibiotics interfere with many meds

A

Erythromycin and clarithromycin

53
Q

__________ reacts with aminoglycosides; these are anti_______

A

Ampicillin; [anti]biotics

54
Q

This antibiotic should be taken on an empty stomach

A

Penicillin V

55
Q

These types of anti-infectives may have some drugs that need to be separated from meds or supplements containing calcium, iron, aluminum, and/or magnesium

A

Antibiotics

56
Q

_________, an antibiotic, can cause discoloration of bodily fluids

57
Q

These two antibiotics can change taste

A

Clarithromycin and metronidazole

PTU Flashcards (6 decks)

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