Adverse Reactions and Med Errors Flashcards

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1
Q

adverse drug reaction (ADR)

A

any noxious, unintended and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses

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2
Q

side effect

A

nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses; generally predictable

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3
Q

toxicity

A

degree of detrimental physiology effects caused by excessive drug dosing; respiratory depression from morphine or hypoglycemia from insulin
-can also be used to describe side effects from chemo

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4
Q

allergic reaction

A

immune response; there must be prior sensitization of the immune system
-PCNS likely to cause anaphylaxis, NSAIDS/sulfas other common drugs

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5
Q

idiosyncratic effect

A

uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition
example: people with G6PD deficiency will have RBC hemolysis when taking ASA/sulfa drugs and it can be life-threatening

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6
Q

paradoxical effect

A

the opposite of the intended drug response; some kids get hyper after taking antihistamines for sleep aid

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7
Q

iatrogenic disease

A

disease that occurs as the result of a treatment OR disease produced by drugs. Antipsychotic drugs can cause SIADH or conditions that mirror Parkinson’s

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8
Q

physical dependence

A

the body has adapted to drug exposure in a way that an abstinence syndrome will result if the drug is stopped.
examples: opioids, ETOH, barbs, amphetamines

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9
Q

carcinogenic effect

A

ability of certain meds and enviro chemicals to cause cancer

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10
Q

teratogenic effect

A

drug-induced birth defect

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11
Q

examples of hepatotoxic drugs:

A

statins, oral anti-diabetics, anti-sz, anti-fungals, anti-gout, anti-psychotics, anti-microbial, TB meds, immunosuppressants, anti-retroviral, Tylenol

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12
Q

What is the QT interval

A

measure of time required for ventricles to depolarize after each contraction
if prolonged, patients can develop torsades

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13
Q

Examples of drugs that can cause QT prolongation:

A

anti-dysrhythmias, ACE-inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, abx, anti-fungals, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, anti-emetics, anti-cancer, ADHD, nasal decongestants

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14
Q

black box warning

A

strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still remain on the market

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15
Q

What is REMS

A

Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies

  • a plan to minimize drug-induced harm
  • most drugs only require a MedGuide but some like accurate requires an iPledge
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16
Q

What are examples of oversight causing medication errors?

A

failure to keep and up-to-date med list, failure to continue or D/C medications, absence of med rec