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Heme Pharm > Adverse effects RR > Flashcards

Adverse effects RR Flashcards

1
Q

Severe local vesicant action and tissue necrosis upon extravasation

A

Doxo/daunorubicin Dacarbazine Vincristine

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2
Q

Facial flushing + antidiuretic effects

A

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

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3
Q

In Anti-retroviral therapy (ART), hyperlipidemia is a complication; statins are used to lower lipids, but statin metabolism is inhibited by Protease inhibitors; Inc. levels of statins can then cause:

A

rhabdomyolysis

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4
Q

Acute infusion reactions including fever, chills, urticaria, headache, bronchospasm, angioedema and hypotension

A

Rituximab

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5
Q

Vomiting brown or bloody stomach contents with pills

A

iron poisoning s/s

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6
Q

Crystalluria-can be avoided with adequate fluid intake or increasing pH of urine

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine

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7
Q

irreversible ototoxicity, retinopathy, myopathy, and peripheral neuropathy

A

Chloroquine

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8
Q

nausea and vomiting, chills and fever, malaise, anorexia, and weakness

A

Fludarabine

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9
Q

what causes cardiac toxicity in doxo?

A

Free radicals

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10
Q

Leukopenia, cardiotoxicity, & ↑Risk of cancer,

A

Cyclophosphamide

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11
Q

Toxoplasma gondii treatment

A

Prophylaxis for first episode –>TMP/SMX

Therapy for Encephalitis  Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine

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12
Q

Mucositis.

A

Doxo/daunorubicin Methotrexate

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13
Q

upper respiratory tract infection, rash

A

Penetration blocker: Maraviroc

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14
Q

noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

A

Cytarabine

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15
Q

hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, clotting abnormalities due to deficient clotting factors, and hypoalbuminemia.

A

Asparaginase

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16
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis prevented by:

A

mesna (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate)

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17
Q

ankle and periorbital edema

A

Imatinib (Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

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18
Q

postural dizziness

A

Penetration blocker: Maraviroc

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19
Q

loss of deep tendon reflexes, and motor weakness

A

Vincristine and Vinblastine (Vinca Alkaloids)

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20
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci treatment

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

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21
Q

• Nausea & vomiting + Diarrhea & dizziness

A

Artemisinin

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22
Q

Used only in combination with amphotericin B

A

flucytosine

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23
Q

blurring of vision

A

chloroquine;

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24
Q

catheter-related infections

A

Factor VIII replacement if used prophylactically;

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25
Q

pruritus, wheals, rash, anaphylaxis

A

Deferoxamine

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26
Q

dec. dose with allopurinol

A

Mercaptuopurine

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27
Q

Dacarbazine A/E

A

Nausea and vomiting. Myelosuppression Extravasation of the drug upon IV can cause severe pain and tissue damage

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28
Q

Facial flushing

A

Desmopressin (DDAVP); Quinine; quinidine (cinchonism)

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29
Q

Pulmonary fiborosis/toxicity

A

Bleomycin Methotrexate (after long-term use)

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30
Q

Hepatotoxicity

A

Penetration blocker: Maraviroc

Amodiaquine

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31
Q

myelosuppression

A

Doxo/daunorubicin Cyclophosphamide Dacarbazine Cytarabine Fludarabine Methotrexate

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32
Q

Cutaneous toxicity: Hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, erythema, and ulcerations over the elbows, knuckles, and other pressure areas

A

Bleomycin

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33
Q

Long-term complications of ART include:

A

hyperlipidemia

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34
Q

Allergic skin reactions

A

TMP/SMX; Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine

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35
Q

hypoalbuminemia.

A

Asparaginase

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36
Q

Neutropenia • ↑Susceptibility to infection

A

Anakinra

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37
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans treatment

A

Therapy for meningitis: Amphotericin B + flucytosine followed by fluconazole Secondary prophylaxis: fluconazole

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38
Q

Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

A

Efavirenz TMP/SMX

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39
Q

Gastrointestinal distress

A

Protease inhibitors (“navir)

Cytarabine

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40
Q

can cause water retention and dilutional hyponatermia

A

Desmopressin (DDAVP) –> antidiuretic effects

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41
Q

Ferrous Sulfate a/e

A

Confined to the GIT: Heartburn Constipation Nausea

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42
Q

osteoporosis

A

Glucocorticoids

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43
Q

stomatitis–> inflammation of mouth and lips

A

Cytarabine

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44
Q

Mitochondrial toxicity

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Emtricitabine Lamivudine* Tenofovir

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45
Q

ECG abnormalities

A

Quinolone derivatives (Chloro;Quinine,quinidine) Doxo;Daunorubicin; Halofantrine

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46
Q

Acute reaction (characterized by fever, or even anaphylaxis)

A

Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)

47
Q

methotrexate myelosuppression reveresed by:

A

folinic acid (leucovorin

48
Q

hypotension

A

Chloroquine; Rituximab

49
Q

flucytosine a/e

A

myelosuppression

50
Q

local injection site reactions with mild or moderate pain, erythema, induration, nodules and cysts

A

Enfuvirtide

51
Q

explain side affects in Vincristine

A

microtubules are important in nerve conduction and neurotransmission

52
Q

Anaphylaxis—although rare—can be fatal

A

Iron Dextran

53
Q

Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

A

Imatinib (Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

54
Q

tinnitus, dizziness and flushing, vision issues

A

Cinchonism-> Quinine and Quinidine

55
Q

ulcerations over the elbows, knuckles,

56
Q

Peripheral neuropathy–>numbness and tingling of the extremities

A

Vincristine Fludarabine

57
Q

photosensitivity.

A

Doxycyclin and Tetracyclin

58
Q

Kernicterus in newborns

A

TMP/SMX; Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine

59
Q

Cerebellar toxicity, manifest as ataxia and slurred speech

A

Cytarabine

60
Q

Hypersensitivity rxns

A

Quinine and Quinidine

61
Q

Thrombophlebitis at the infusion site

A

Factor VIII replacement; Plasma-derived vWF

62
Q

active against Hep B

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Emtricitabine Lamivudine* Tenofovir

63
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Cyclophosphamide

64
Q

• Abdominal pain • Diarrhea • Vomiting brown or bloody stomach contents with pills. • Lassitude & drowsiness • Pallor or cyanosis. • Hyperventilation (due to acidosis). • Cardiovascular collapse.

A

iron poisoning s/s

65
Q

pruritus

A

Chloroquine; Deferoxamine

66
Q

– Leukopenia – Thrombocytopenia

67
Q

Cinchonism –> tinnitus, headache, visual disturbances, nausea, dizziness and flushing.

A

Quinine and Quinidine

68
Q

cardiac toxicity due to doxo prevented by?

A

dexrazoxane

69
Q

Normochromic, normocytic anemia caused by inc. erythropoietin; reversible

A

Polyenes: Amphotericin B

70
Q

Pulmonary emboli, DVT, MI

A

Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and activated PCC (aPCC)

71
Q

Long-term use → diabetes mellitus

A

Glucocorticoids

72
Q

↑Appetite → Weight gain

A

Glucocorticoids

73
Q

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome which is characterized by blistering of the mucous membranes (mouth, eyes, vagina

A

TMP/SMX; Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine

74
Q

Neurotoxicity: altered mental status, coma, seizures.

A

Cyclophosphamide

75
Q

Anaphylactic rxns—but lower risk than iron dextran

A

Sodium Ferric Gluconate + Iron Sucrose

76
Q

irreversible ototoxicity

A

Chloroquine

77
Q

urticaria,, bronchospasm, angioedema and hypotension

A

Rituximab (infusion rxn)

78
Q

Cerebellar toxicity and cerebral toxicity

A

Cytarabine

79
Q

myopathy

A

Chloroquine; Nucleoside RTIs (Lamivudine, Emtri, Tenofo)

80
Q

Nephrotoxicity; reversible

A

Polyenes: Amphotericin B

81
Q

increased transaminases

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Emtricitabine Lamivudine* Tenofovir

82
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

Cyclosporine Sirolimus

83
Q

1) displace bilirubin from plasma albumin. The free bilirubin deposits in basal ganglia

A

1) sulfonamides

84
Q

dermatitis.

A

Cytarabine

85
Q

Endocrinologic abnormalities, e.g., women, menstrual irregularities; men, gynecomastia

86
Q

pancreatitis

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Emtricitabine Lamivudine* Tenofovir

87
Q

hypertension, hyperlipidemia

A

Cyclosporine

88
Q

retinopathy,

A

Chloroquine

89
Q

conjunctivitis

A

Cytarabine

90
Q

Adverse effects: – Diarrhea

A

Leflunomide

91
Q

hyperglycemia

A

Protease inhibitors (“navir)

Glucocorticoids

Aspiriginase

92
Q

Cough, pyrexia,

A

Penetration blocker: Maraviroc

93
Q

Avoid abrupt stoppage; taper dosage slowly

A

Glucocorticoids

94
Q

lipoatrophy myopathy,

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Emtricitabine Lamivudine* Tenofovir

95
Q

integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)

A

raltegravir

96
Q

Protease inhibitors (“navir) inhibit metabolism of

97
Q

Nephrotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity

A

methotrexate

98
Q

central fat accumulation

A

Protease inhibitors (“navir)

99
Q

↑Risk of demyelinating disease

A

TNF-α Inhibitors: Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab

100
Q

Hemolysis in G6PD deficient pts.

A

Quinolone derivatives (Chloro;Quinine,quinidine) TMP/SMX

101
Q

neural tube defects

A

folate deficiency; Efavirenz

102
Q

Dry skin

103
Q

cerebral toxicity, including seizures, dementia, and coma,

A

Cytarabine

104
Q

cheilitis–> infl of lip

105
Q

↑Risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis

A

TNF-α Inhibitors: Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab

106
Q

what is mesna

A

conjugates acrolein; prevents hemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophos

107
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Quinine and Quinidine;

108
Q

Acute hemolytic anemia in patients with reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity

A

TMP/SMX; Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine

109
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Vincristine Fludarabine Nucleo. RTIs (Emtri, Lamiv* Tenof); Chloroquine

110
Q

why does dexrazoxane work?

A

When iron is given with Doxo, more FREE RADICALS are formed; dexrazoxane is an iron chelating agent;

111
Q

Cardiac toxicity manifested as ECG changes

A

Doxo/daunorubicin

112
Q

hepato-, nephro-, and neuro—toxicity

A

Cyclosporine

113
Q

leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia (agranulocytosis)

A

Quinine and Quinidine

114
Q

amodiaquine a/e

A

aplastic anemia;

hepatotoxicity

Heme Pharm (13 decks)

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