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PSA > Adverse drug reactions > Flashcards

Adverse drug reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Gentamicin

Vancomycin

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

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2
Q

Any antibiotic (but most commonly the broad-spectrum antibiotics like cephalosporins or ciprofloxacin)

A

Clostridium difficile colitis

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3
Q

ACE-inhibitors, e.g. lisinopril

A

Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities, acute kidney injury, dry cough

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4
Q

Beta-blockers, e.g. bisoprolol

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, wheeze in asthmatics, worsens acute heart failure (but helps chronic heart failure)

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5
Q

Calcium-channel blockers, e.g. diltiazem

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral oedema, flushing

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6
Q

Diuretics e.g. furosemide, bendroflumethiazide, spironolactone

A

Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities, acute kidney injury,

Thiazides - gout

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7
Q

Heparins

A

Haemorrhage (especially if renal failure or <50 kg), heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia

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8
Q

Warfarin

A

Haemorrhage (note that ironically warfarin has a pro-coagulant effect initially as well as taking a few days to become an anti-coagulant; thus heparin should be prescribed alongside warfarin and continued until the INR exceeds 2.

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9
Q

Aspirin

A

Haemorrhage, peptic ulcers and gastritis, tinnitus in large doses

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10
Q

Digoxin

A

Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, blurred vision, confusion and drowsiness, xanthopsia (disturbed yellow/green visual perception including ‘halo’ vision)

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11
Q

Amiodarone

A

Interstitial lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis), thyroid disease (both hypo- and hyperthyroidism are reported; it is structurally related to iodine, hence its name amIODarone), skin greying, corneal deposits

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12
Q

Mood stabalisers - Lithium

A

Early – tremor

Intermediate – tiredness

Late – arrhythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus

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13
Q

Haloperidol

A

Dyskinesias, e.g. acute dystonic reactions, drowsiness

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14
Q

Clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis (requires intensive monitoring of full blood count)

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15
Q

Dexamethsaone and predisolone

A

STEROIDS: Stomach ulcers, Thin skin, Edema, Right and left heart failure, Osteoporosis, Infection (including Candida), Diabetes (commonly causes hyperglycaemia; uncommonly progresses to diabetes); and Cushing’s Syndrome

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16
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Hypertension/sodium and water retention

17
Q

NSAIDs

A

NSAID: No urine (renal failure), Systolic dysfunction (heart failure), Asthma, Indigestion (any cause), Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality)

18
Q

Statins

A

Myalgia, abdominal pain, increased ALT/AST (can be mild),

rhabdomyolysis (can be just mildly increased creatine kinase though)

19
Q

Which drugs have narrow therapeutic index?

A

Please Wife Diana

Phenytoin
Warfarin
Digoxin

20
Q

Which drugs need careful titrating of dose according to effect?

A

Antihypertensives

Diabetic drugs

21
Q

Which drugs are enzyme inducers?

A

PC BRAS

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampacin
Alcohol (chronic)
Sulphonylureas
22
Q

Which drugs are enzyme inhibitors

A

AO DEVICES

Allopurinol
Omeprazole
Disulfiram
Erythromycin
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
Ethanol (acute)
Sulphonamides

ketoconazole, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin most common
Grapefruit juice!

23
Q

Which drugs have a synergistic effect?

A

Beta blockers and verapamil - severe hypotension. esp if IV verapamil

24
Q

Which drug is likely to cause lactic acidosis?

A

metformin

25
Q

Which drug causes hypertensive crisis?

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitors e.g selegiline

26
Q

Which drugs will cause sedation?

A

barbiturates
opiods
benzodiazapines

27
Q

Which drugs causes sweating, flusing, nausea and vomiting?

A

metronidazole (alcohol + metronidzole = fulminant nausea and vomiting)
disulfiram

28
Q

What are risks of methotrexate?

A

NSAID + methotrexate - can cause nephrotoxicity

Methotrexate can lead to bone marroe toxicity (pancytopoenia, neutropenic sepssi), higher risk in combo with other folate antagonist e.g TRIMETHOPRIM

Should not be given during infection

29
Q

possibe reaction from methotrexate + trimethoprim?

A

bone marrow toxicity - pancytopenia, neutropenic sepsis

PSA (1 decks)

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