Adverse Drug Reactions

Question 1

Which drugs cause C.diff

Answer 1

co-amox
clindalmycin
ciprofloxacin
cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefalexin)

Question 2

Drugs causing ototoxicity

Answer 2

furosemide (if IV or renal impair), gentamicin, vancomycin, bumetanide

Question 3

methotrexate + NSAIDs

Answer 3

low platelets

Question 4

methotrexate + trimethoprim

Answer 4

bone marrow suppression

Question 5

methotrexate + PPI

Answer 5

increase conc of methotrexate

Question 6

precipitants of C.diff?

Answer 6

PPI
low Mg
low Na

Question 7

what interacts with statins to cause muscle pain

Answer 7

clarithromycin

Question 8

Inducers

Answer 8

CARbamazepine, barbituates, phenytoin, rifampicin, pioglitazone

Question 9

effect of PPI on CYP450

Answer 9

inhibitor - use lanzoprazole when patient on clopidogrel

Question 10

CYP450 inhibitors

Answer 10

omeprazole, amiodarone, SSRI, izoniazid, cimetidine, macrolides, SSRI, grapefruit

Question 11

how do you treat anti-psychotic induced parkinsonism

Answer 11

procyclidine hydrochloride

Question 12

drugs causing parkinsonism

Answer 12

haloperidol

Question 13

signs of serotonin syndrome

Answer 13

abrupt onset, myoclonus, tremor, hyperreflexia, BIG PUPILS MYDRIASS

Question 14

signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 14

gradual onset, prolonged duration, rigidity, hyporeflexia, normal pupils

Question 15

causes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 15

antipsychotics (diffuse rigidity with decreae reflexes)

Question 16

how do you treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 16

bromocriptin and dantrolene

Question 17

side effects of chlorpromazine, haloperidol

Answer 17

acute dystonia (sustained muscle contraction)
akathiasia (restlessness)
tardive dyskinesia (facial grimace, lip smacking)

Question 18

atypical antipsychotic examples

Answer 18

quetiapine, olanzapine

Question 19

side effects on atypical antipsychotics

Answer 19

weight gain, diabetes, rise in lipids

Question 20

all antipsychotics can cause what

Answer 20

extrapyramidal symptoms (tremor, involuntary muscle contraction)

Question 21

which two drugs can increase risk of tendon rupture (achilles, elbow)

Answer 21

ciprofloxacin (quinolones) and steroids

Question 22

side effects of quinolones

Answer 22

tendonitis, QT prolongation, reduced seizure threshold

Question 23

if amlodipine causing ankle swelling what should you do

Answer 23

STOP amlodipine not reduce

Question 24

when do you stop metformin in renal impairment

Answer 24

eGFR <30