Adventure and Sports in Tourism

Question 1

Four themes in base-jumping

Answer 1

Enormous Nature, Attract/Repulse feeling of Freedom, Aspects of eternity, unending

Question 2

Why are we driven towards adventure

Answer 2

Biological demands essence of adventure as a desire for something

Question 3

Elements of Sport

Answer 3

Physical, structure, competitive, agility, uncertain outcomes

Question 4

Adventure as define by New Zealand Mt Safety

Answer 4

An uncertain outcome influenced by adventurer, state of mind, individally specific, presence of risk

Question 5

Adventure as defined by ATTA (Elements)

Answer 5

Culture, Nature/Wilderness, Physical

Question 6

6 Characteristics of Flow Experience

Answer 6

1. Knows what must be done - quick feedback
2. Merging of action/awareness
3. Center of attention
4. Loss of ego/self-forgetfulness
5. Sense of control through skills
6. Autotelic nature - enjoyable/Rewarding

Question 7

Pursuit of Adventure (Jerry’s Definition)

Answer 7

Pursuit of Life (We all die, but we need not all live ~ Lawrence)

Question 8

Adventure Experience Paradigm

Answer 8

Risk: Potential to lose something of value
Competence: Skill/Knowledge/Attitude/Behaviour/Confidence/Experience

Question 9

“Real” Secret of Adventure (Fletcher)

Answer 9

No Secret at all - rather a public secret that endeavour is not intended to be true adventure at all

Question 10

Flow (Describe)

Answer 10

Engrossing, Intrinsically rewarding, outside time (Worry and boredom)

Question 11

Four stages of Adventure

Answer 11

Play, Adventure, Frontier Adventure, Misadventure

Question 12

Central Paradox of Wilderness (Cronon)

Answer 12

Wild and outside “natural world” (Human world)

Question 13

Self Branded “Places of Adventure)

Answer 13

Interlaken, Whistler, Banff, Queenstown, Pemberton

Question 14

Judeo-Christian view of wilderness

Answer 14

It is the ‘opposite’ of paradise

Question 15

Where does adventure happen (Cater)(3)

Answer 15

Wilderness, Wild, Places of Adventure

Question 16

Risk Expectation

Answer 16

We don’t think it will fail

Question 17

What do people want

Answer 17

Adventure and challenges but without the risk of death

Question 18

What to adventure athletes seek

Answer 18

situation where they have Control and responsibility for there lives
Depends on judgement and Skill

Question 19

Forms of risk (3)(Breivik)

Answer 19

Pro-Social - Benefit of others
Anti-Social - Benefit of ones-self
Ludic Risk - typically own intrest - but more neutral

Question 20

Risk in adventure sport (Jerry)

Answer 20

It is not worth the ultimate price - but it provides profound meaning to life (Worth living)

Question 21

Clients are led to believe (Holyfield)

Answer 21

Danger is great when it is minimal

Question 22

Clients are led to Falsely believe (Palmer)

Answer 22

Entirely without risk —- there is always risk

Question 23

Justification to participate in adventure sport (Krein)

Answer 23

Relation with natural world, find meaningful experiences

Question 24

Adventure sport defined by Krein

Answer 24

Take place in Powerful nature, involves high risk (Possibility of death)

Question 25

Paradox of adventure tourism

Answer 25

Planned, controlled version of dangerous, unpredictable activity

Question 26

Public Secrets

Answer 26

1. Both an adventure and not and adventure 2. Adventure is both dangerous and safe 3. Client participation is both relevant and irrelevant to activity

Question 27

Planned adventure (As described by Reinhold)

Answer 27

Planned adventure - What madness. It is neither "planned" nor repeatable nor safe

Question 28

Adventure as a commodity for consumption

Answer 28

Is at risk for Disneyfication - staged, soft adventure, attraction

Question 29

Original adventure (Mortlock)(4 elements)

Answer 29

Commitment in face of uncertainty Marginal situation where risk is faced taking responsibility Minimal recourse of external support systems

Question 30

Adventure Commodification Continuum

Answer 30

A - Total structure, little work from participants, staged, little risk B - Some structure, some freedom, guided C - Most risk (risk of death), solo, little to no presence of guide

Question 31

ATTA/UNWTO identifies adventure tourism

Answer 31

Fastest growing sectors of toursim Attracting high value customers Supporting local economies Encourages sustainability

Question 32

UNWTO/ATTA suggests adventure tourism can be defined

Answer 32

Not Mass tourism

Question 33

Two main categories of Adventure Activites

Answer 33

Soft and Hard

Question 34

Bulk of Market

Answer 34

High volume, Low difficulty for unskilled Clients

Question 35

Geotagging effects (risk)

Answer 35

Can lead to overtourism

Question 36

Highest Social media Platform

Answer 36

Instagram

Question 37

Who launched social media campaign against tourist use of social media

Answer 37

New Zealand

Question 38

Shannon Stowell - what did he say

Answer 38

more virtuous to buy experiences then suff but environmental foot print is not much different

Question 39

4 categories need to collaborate for change

Answer 39

Govt NGO Media Business Centered around traveler

Question 40

Steps taken to address/combat overtourism

Answer 40

day passes, limits on number of people, seasons of operation

Question 41

Two biggest issues in tourism

Answer 41

Climate change, and over tourism

Question 42

Products that addresses two biggest issues

Answer 42

staycation, CBT, Indigenous led Tourism

Question 43

4 Dilemmas and Alternatives for future

Answer 43

Organization of adventure sport Aspect of adventure sport relation to nature Demographic composition

Question 44

4 pillars of Sustainability

Answer 44

Econ, Social, Environmental, Culture

Question 45

essential item to sustainability

Answer 45

training and education