Advanced Respiratory Disease & Dermatology + Advanced Oncology & Palliative Care Flashcards
What are the 4 main clinical features of asthma/Chronic Eosinophillic bronchitis?
Cough
SOB
Wheeze (especially at night)
Chest tightness
What classes of drug are the following…..
Terbutaline
Formeterol
Ipratropium
Tiotropium
Terbutaline –> SABA
Formeterol –> LABA
Ipratropium –> SAMA
Tiotropium –> LAMA
What 2 biologics can be used in asthma?
Omalizumab –> Against IgE
Mepolizumab –> Against IL-2
What is Lung Volume Reduction Therapy (LVRT) in COPD?
Removing the parts of the lung that are affected/not working, and placing a one way valve in to allow air out of the lungs but not in
What is Bronchiectasis?
Abnormal dilation of one or more bronchi with chronic airway inflammation
Bronchospasms arent a feature (unlike COPD/Asthma)
Cilia can’t function, so there is a build up of mucus –> Potentially predisposing people to more infections
Treated mainly with anti mucolytics like carbocistine and acapella devices
What type of bacteria is associated with more chronic/bad verisons of Bronchiectasis?
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Needs 2 weeks of antibiotics to treat it (done aggressively and quickly)
This can be ciprofloxacin (see below) or azithromycin 500mg 3x weekly
What are the treatments for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)?
Oxygen
Treating GORD aggressively
Pirfenidone –> Reduced fibroblast proliferation (need 8 tablets a day!)
Nintedanib –> TKI, reducing fibroblast proliferation
Lung transplants if necessary
What are the 4 stages of wound healing?
Haemastatis –> Platelets release growth factors
Inflammation –> Bacteria and cell debris are removed from the body via various chemical reactions
Proliferation –> Granulated/connective tissue forms to repair the cell matrix
Maturation/Remodelling –> Dermal tissues get remodelled to form a scar
What are 4 barriers to wound healing?
Dead tissue
Bacterial colonisation (biofilms)
Too much/wrong exudate –> Can destroy the ECM
Cells not responding to growth stimuli
What is the TIME model?
In terms of wound repair
Tissue –> Assessing the tissue type and debridement
Infection/Inflammation –> Potentially will need antimicrobials
Moisture Imbalance –> Excess or lack of moisutre will slow down healing
Edge (not migrating) –> Abnormalities in the ECM will cause delayed epithelialisation
What are the 7 different ways of debridement?
Autolytic
Larval
Mechanical
Hydro-Surgical
Ultrasound
Sharp
Surgical
What is the benefit of micro-surgery using Mandables?
Evolved to survive in habitats with a high bioburden
Uptake and digest bacteria with necrosis and slough
Secretion of antibacetial factors
Removal of any biofilms
