Advanced Remote Sensing -- Test 1 Flashcards
The goal of science is to discover __________ which is the same as yesterday, today, and tomorrow.
Universal Truths
To identify universal truths, scientists observe and make measurements about:
Physical World
Living Inhabitants
Processes at Work
The data necessary to accept or reject a hypothesis may be collected directly in the field, often referred to as ________ or in-place data collection.
in-situ
What are the problems with in-situ data?
method-produced error sampling design intrusive scientist improper operation of instruments uncalibrated in-situ instruments
A remote sensing instrument collects information about an object or phenomenon within the ____________ of the sensor system without being in direct physical contact with it.
instantaneous-field-of-view (IFOV)
__________ is the science or art of acquiring information about an object without being in physical contact with it.
Remote Sensing
Is Remote Sensing a science? Why?
Yes because sciences include mathematics, logic, physical sciences, biological sciences, and social sciences.
______________ is a tool or technique similar to mathematics.
Remote Sensing
Is remote sensing an art?
Visual image interpretation brings to bear not only scientific knowledge but all of the experience that a person has obtained in a lifetime.
__________ can be used to obtain specific information about an object (e.g., the diameter of a cottonwood tree crown) or the geographic extent of a phenomenon (e.g., the boundary of a cottonwood stand).
Sensors
The EMR reflected, emitted, or back-scattered from an object or geographic area is used as a ______________ for the actual property under investigation.
Surrogate
What are the advantages to Remote Sensing?
Unobtrusive Passive Sensors Removes Sampling Bias Provides Biophysical Information Models Natural and Cultural Processes
What are the limitations to Remote Sensing?
Oversold Human method-produced error Active Sensors Uncalibrated Sensors Expensive Human Analysts
The remote sensing data-collection and analysis procedures used for Earth resource applications are often implemented in a systematic fashion referred to as the ______________
Remote Sensing Process
In situ and remotely sensed data are processed using:
Analog Image Processing
Digital image Processing
Modeling
N-dimensional visualization
What are the 4 Remote Sensing Resolution considerations?
Spatial
Spectral
Temporal
Radiometric
_______________ is the size of the field-of-view.
Spatial Resolution
_______________ is the number and size (wavelength) of frequencies the sensor records data in.
Spectral Resolution
_____________ is created because infrared is invisible and doesn’t have a color. So NIR would be red, red would be green, green would be blue, and blue wavelengths will not be displayed.
False Color Composite
Why do we look at a False Color Composite?
Vegetation stands out
______________ is how often the sensor acquires data.
Temporal Resolution
__________________ is the sensitivity of detectors to small differences in electromagnetic energy
Radiometric Resolution
a. It is a misnomer to refer to in situ data as ground truth data. Instead, we should refer to it simply as, __________________________ and acknowledge that it also contains error.
in situ ground reference data
Remote Sensing is in Stage _____ of Science.
2
What are the steps of the remote sensing process?
Statement of the Problem
Data Collection
Data-to-Information Conversion
Information Presentation
What is the general wavelength of the blue band?
400-500 nm
What is the general wavelength of the green band?
500-600 nm
What is the general wavelength of the red band?
600-700nm
What is the general wavelength of the infrared band?
700-1100nm
What does 8-bit mean?
0-255
Location and position of the satellite relative to the sun when the image was taken can impact the ___________ and _______________
accuracy and results
c. Remote sensing systems record very specific ____________________ associated with each exposed silver halide crystal or pixel.
Angular Characteristics
Angular characteristics are a function of:
location in a 3-d sphere of the illumination source
orientation of the terrain facet (pixel)
location of the suborbital and orbital remote sensing system
______________ is the angle associated with incoming energy that illuminates the terrain.
Angle of Incidence
_______________ is the angle made from energy leaving the terrain towards the sensor system.
Angle of Exitance
This ___________________ nature of remote sensing data collection is known to influence the spectral and polarization characteristics of the at-sensor radiance, L, recorded by the remote sensing system.
bidirectional
The analysis of remotely sensed data is performed using a variety of image processing techniques, including:
Analog (visual) image processing
Visual image processing
digital image processing.
Digital image processing
Reasons why remote sensing of the environment is important:
Aerial perspective
documents change to understand processes at work
knowledge beyond our human visual perception
Information Extraction
______________________ is defined as any information concerning terrestrial vegetation, soils, minerals, rocks, water, certain atmospheric characteristics, and urban infrastructure.
Earth resource information
