Advanced Photo Editing

Question 1

Photoshop

Answer 1

• digitally alter graphics
• using image-editing software

Question 2

RGB

Answer 2

triplets of numbers from 0 - 255

Question 3

Hexadecimal

Answer 3

6 digit strings of numbers 0 - F (F = 15)

Question 4

Bitmapped graphics

Answer 4

• grid of pixel cells, each pixel has one colour
• cameras convert analog scenes into digital pictures by performing sampling and quantizing

Question 5

Resolution

Answer 5

denotes how big the pixels are, usually measured in Pixel Per Inch (PPI)

Question 6

Resampling

Answer 6

• pixels = samples
• breaking the picture into pixels again
• changes how many pixels are in the image
• used for pictures online and on computers
• decreased quality

Question 7

Downsampling

Answer 7

• making it smaller
• pixels are removed via decimation
• cause distortions or artifacts, due to missing pixels
• blending nearby pixels to smooth over the transition

Question 8

Upsampling

Answer 8

• making it larger
• pixels must be added via interpolation
• adding pixels to fill in the gaps between the original pixels
• causes blurring and artifacts because the new pixels may not transition smoothly
• interpolation: selection of new pixel colors

Question 9

Resizing

Answer 9

• changes the resolution
• mainly used for printing
• no change in quality or filesize

Question 10

Interpolation

Answer 10

averaging the colors of the neighbouring pixels

Question 11

Selections

Answer 11

• regions of any size and shape in an image
• indicated w/ marching ants: rotating dashed lines around the perimeter

Question 12

Marquee Tool

Answer 12

• simple to use, just drag cursor
• rectangular and elliptical
• single row/column marquees not as important

Question 13

Freehand Selection Tool

Answer 13

• Freehand: draw selection freely
• polygonal: draw one line at a time
• magnetic: automatically snaps to edges of high contrast

Question 14

Selection Brush Tool

Answer 14

looks for colors similar to the current selection and grows the selection

Question 15

Flood Select Tool

Answer 15

tolerance affects how much the selection will include pixels of similar colour of brightness

Question 16

Clipping Mask

Answer 16

• link a background layer to foreground layers
• requires 2+ layers: texture, and visible shape outline

Question 17

Retouching pictures

Answer 17

remove red eye, acne, dirt, moles, scars, or other blemishes

Question 18

Healing Brush Tool

Answer 18

find an area w/o a blemish that can be used to cover the blemish

Question 19

Patch Tool

Answer 19

draw selection around an item to remove

Question 20

Blemish Removal Tool

Answer 20

click on blemish and it will automatically be covered w/ surrounding pixel colors

Question 21

Inpainting Brush Tool

Answer 21

for removing larger items, red layer will show over item you want to remove

Question 22

Red eye removal tool

Answer 22

removes red eyes caused by camera glare

Question 23

Color Channels

Answer 23

• CMYK model used in printing
• color models are made up of channels or bands
• RGB: 3 bands x 8 bits = 24 bits/pixel
• CMYK: 4 bands x 8 bits = 32 bits/pixel
• each band is an 8-bit grayscale image
• color image we see is the SUM of greyscale images

Question 24

White, Black, Gray Color channels

Answer 24

• White: full color from channel
• Black: no color from channel
• Gray: some color from channel

Question 25

Color manipulation

Answer 25

brightness and contrast, HSL, Black and White, Lens Filter, Selective Color

Question 26

Brightness and Contrast

Answer 26

- Brightness: how dark or light the image is - Contrast: how different the brightness is throughout various parts of the image - emphasizes or minimizes the extremes (darks and lights)

Question 27

HSL

Answer 27

- Hue: base color, w/o specific info about darkness - Saturation: intensity of the hue; pure vs muted or whitewashed - Lightness: brightness of the color

Question 28

Black and White

Answer 28

converts the image to grayscale

Question 29

Lens Filter

Answer 29

apply a cooling, warming, or other color filter to the image

Question 30

Selective Color

Answer 30

- control specific colors in the image - Uses CMYK sliders

Question 31

Masks

Answer 31

- special layer linked to a regular pixel layer that controls the transparency of that linked layer - saved selections that are non-destructive - Black = hidden regions - White = visible regions - Gray = controls opacity

Question 32

Erasers

Answer 32

- erased pixels are removed permanently - under or history state can be used to correct a mistake but limited to one session

Question 33

Gradient masks

Answer 33

- apply effects on part of an image that fade out gradually - effects is visible only where the gradient is white, not where it is black