Advanced Life Support Flashcards
What is the Chain of Survival?
- Early Recognition
- to prevent Cardiac Arrest - Early CPR
- to buy time - Early Defibrillation
- to restart the heart - Post Resus Care
- to restore quality of life
Infant
Under 1 year
Child
1-8 year old
Adult
9+ year old
BLS
CPR and use of AED
CPR
Chest compressions combined with rescue breathing
ALS
BLS with more advanced techniques.
Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest
Chest pain
SOB
Nausea and Vomitting
Dizziness
DRSABCD
Danger Responsive Send for help Open airway Normal breathing CPR Defib
List 4 of Adult Compressions
- 30:2
- 100-120bpm
- 1/3 of front-back dimension = 5+cm
- Mid lower half of sternum at nipple line
2 results of chest compressions
- Produce CO2 by generalised ^intrathoracic pressure and direct pressure on the heart.
- Release of compressions allows blood flow back to heart
- Early Recognition and Call for Help
- Signs of collapse and impending cardiac arrest
2. 111 in response to chest pain, SOB or sudden collapse
- Early CPR
- ^2-3 times survival rate when CPR began by bystanders
2. Risk of NOT doing CPR on someone who NEEDS it, outweighs the the risk of doing CPR on someone who does NOT.
- Early Defib
- Common cause of CA is VF
2. AED and BLS ^survival
Interval between CA and Defib in Metropolitian Areas?
4mins or less
Interval between CA and Defib in Hospital?
3mins or less
- Post Resus Care
After ROSC
- Re-evaluate ABCDE
- ECG
- Treat precipitating causes
- Re-evaluate O2 and ventilation
- Targeted temperature management
List 3 of Child Compressions
- 2:15
- 100-120bpm
- Approx 5cm depth
How much does survival decrease every minute Defib is delayed?
10%
Where are Pads positioned for Adults?
Anterior-Lateral
If the person has a PPM or ICD, how far away do the Defib Pads need to be positioned?
8cm away from device
Where are Pads positioned for Paediatrics?
Paediatric Pads = Anterior-Lateral
Adult Pads = Anterior - Posterior
SEVERE CHOKING + Responsive
Ineffective Cough
- Send for help
- 5 BACK BLOWS
- 5 CHEST THRUSTS
SEVERE CHOKING + unresponsive
Ineffective Cough
- Send for help
- CPR
MILD CHOKING
Effective Cough
- Encourage coughing
- Continue to check
- Send for help
What is Anaphylaxis?
Serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death.
Anaphylaxis with UNKNOWN allergen.
ACUTE onset and SKIN/MUCOSAL of at least one:
- RESP compromise
- LOW BP
Anaphylaxis with LIKELY allergen.
2 or more in mins or hours
- SKIN/MUCOSAL
- RESP
- LOW BP
- GI symptoms
Anaphylaxis with KNOWN allergen
- LOW BP
What % of anaphylaxis has SKIN involvement?
90%
List 4 common allergens for anaphylaxis
- STINGS
- FOOD - shellfish, nuts, dairy
- MEDICATIONS - abx, NSAIDS
- OTHER - latex, chlorhex, contrast
Initial Treatment for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis
- Remove trigger
- Send for help
- Assess ABCD
- Lie flat
List 3 complications of Anaphylaxis
- SHOCK
- UPPER AIRWAY OBS
- LOWER AIRWAY OBS
Difference between Upper Airway OBS and Lower Airway OBS (ADULTS)
UPPER AIRWAY = stridor and tongue/laryngeal swelling.
LOWER AIRWAY = wheeze
Difference between Upper Airway OBS and Lower Airway OBS (CHILD)
UPPER AIRWAY = Stridor + RESP distress
LOWER AIRWAY = Wheeze + RESP distress
Treatment for Anaphylaxis (Adults)
- 5mg IM Adrenaline
(0. 5ml of 1,1000)
Upper putter thigh
Repeat in 5mins if no improvement
Following treatments for anaphylaxis (Adults)
- IVF 0.9% NaCl 1000ml, Hiflo O2, monitoring
Following treatments if no resolution of anaphylaxis (Adult)
Consider x3 dose of IM Adrenaline
0.5ml of 1:1000
Treatments for complications of anaphylaxis (Adults)
- Shock
- UAO
- LAO
- IVF or INOTROPES
- Neb Adrenaline
- Neb Salbutamol