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Advanced life support > Advanced life support > Flashcards

Advanced life support Flashcards

1
Q

How to do Chest compressions

A
  • Centre of the chest
  • Compress5-6cm
  • Compress at a rate of 100-120
  • Allow full recoil
  • Firmsurface
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2
Q

What is the step wise approach to achieving an open airway for adequate oxygenations

A 
positon (looking for signs of life)
Manoeuver (Head tilt, chin lift)
adjunct (OPA, NPA)
supraglotic airway (IGEL)
intubation 
ciricothyrioclotmy
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3
Q

What are the shockable rhythms

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia

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4
Q

What are the non shockable rhythms

A

Aystole

PEA

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5
Q

What drug should you give if PT is VF/VT?

A

• PersistentVF/pVT
• After 3rd shock
• Adrenaline 1mgin10ml-1:10,000
(Consider contra- indiciations)

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6
Q

How often can you give Adrenaline 1mgin10ml-1:10,000

A

Every 3 minutes

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7
Q

What are the contraindications of Adrenaline 1mgin10ml-1:10,000

A

Contra-indication– Hypothermic patients

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8
Q

How is Adrenline 1 mg in 10ml-1:10,000 given to pt

A

IV

IO

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9
Q

What should you give after admistering Adrenline 1 mg in 10ml-1:10,000

A

20ml flush

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10
Q

What are the benfits of adrenline?

A
  • Smooth muscle relaxation in the airways
  • Cause vasodilation of the coronary arteries
  • Contraction smooth muscle in arterioles
  • Increased peripheral resistance
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11
Q

What to adminster after the 3rd shock if it is still not successful

A

Amiodarone 300mg

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12
Q

What dose do you adminster of amiodrone after the 5th shcok

A

150mg in 5ml

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13
Q

what to adminster as soon as you have iv/io access un a non shockable rhythm?

A

Adreniline 1mg in 10ml– 1:10,000

Repeat every 3-5 minutes

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14
Q

What are the 4 h’s of reversiable causes

A 
•Hypoxia
•Hypothermia
• Hypo/Hyper Kalaemia /
Metobolic
• Hypovolaemia
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15
Q

What is hypoxia ?

A

Low oxygen levels in the blood

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16
Q

How to reverse hypoxia in cardiac arrest

A

» Patent airway
» Adequately ventilated lungs
» Maximal possible inspired oxygen

17
Q

What is hypovolaemia ?

A

Decreseas in blood volume due to severe haemorrhage

truma, gastrointestinal bleeding or rupture of an aoritc aneurysm

18
Q

how to correct hypovolaemia in a cardiac arrest

A

» Stop the haemorrhage
» Fluid Therapy:
» <90 mmHg + impaired perfusion
» 250ml 0.9% NacL

19
Q

Hyperkalaemia

A

elevated level of potassium - kidney failure

20
Q

Hypokalaemia

A

low level of potassium

- vomiting, diarrhoea, dialysis

21
Q

Hypocalcaemia

A

low calcium levels

- kidney failure

22
Q

Hypoglycaemia

A

low blood sugar levels

23
Q

what is HYPOTHERMIA

A

when the core body temperature is below 30 degress

24
Q

what to do if your pt is hypothermic and in cardiac arrest

A
  • Limit defibrillation attempts to three (delivered at maximum defibrillator output)
  • Limit IV medications
25
Q

what are the 4 t’s

A
  • Tamponade
  • Tension Pneumothorax
  • Thrombosis
  • Toxins
26
Q

what is a THROMBOSIS

A

Blood clot

» Acute coronary syndrome or ischaemic heart disease - urgent coronary angiography
» Massive pulmonary embolism
- fibrinolytic treatment

27
Q

what is a Tension pneumothorax

A

Tension pneumothorax is accumulation of air in the pleural space under pressure, compressing the lungs and decreasing venous return to the heart.

28
Q

how to reverse a Tension pneumothorax

A

Needle thoracentesis or thoracostomy

29
Q

what is a cardiac tamponde

A

Fluid in the pericardium resulting in compression of the heart
Difficult to diagnose
Cardiac arrest after penetrating chest trauma is highly suggestive

30
Q

what are the reasons someone could be in cardiac arrest due to toxins

A

» Accidental or deliberate ingestion of therapeutic or toxic substances
» History indicated
» Opioid overdos

31
Q

how can you reverse cardiac arrest if its a opioid overdose

A

Naloxone

32
Q

when would you not achive rosc on scene

A

if their is an untreatable reversable cause

or

need for medcial interventions

33
Q

when would you not start cpr

A 
• DNACPR
• Finalstagesofterminalillness
• 15minutessinceonset
• NobystanderCPR
• Asystolefor>30seconds
• Asystolefor>20minutesdespiteALS
• Exclusion: Pregnancy,Drowning, Hypothermia or Poisoning,
• Decapitation 
• Massivecranialandcerebral
deconstruction
• Hemicortectomyorsimilarmassiveinjury
• Decompositionandputrefaction
• Incineration
• Hypostasis
• Rigormortis
34
Q

if its a pediactric in cardiac arrest what do you do before starting cpr

A

5 rescue breaths, becuase they could be in respiratorty arrest

35
Q

what is the rate of cpr for a peadiatrics

A

15:2

Advanced life support (6 decks)

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