Advanced Life Support Flashcards
How many survive with resuscitation outside of the hopsital?
9%
How many survive in hospital following resuscitation?
24%
What are the two biggest causes of death in the UK?
Dementia
Ischaemic Heart Disease
What are the shockable and non-shockable rhythms?
Shockable: (25%)
- Ventricualr Fibrillation
- Ventricular Tachycardia
Non-shockable: (75%)
- Asystole (50%)
- Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) (25%)
What is ROSC?
Return of Spontaneous Circulation
- Occurs in 30% of patients following resuscitation
What is the incidence of cardiac arrest in hospital?
1 in 1000
In which season does cardiac arrest peak?
Winter
What are the 4 steps in the Chain of Survival?
1) Early recognition/call for help
2) Early CPR
3) Early defibrillation
4) Post-resuscitation care
How effective is CPR?
It doubles the chances of survival as it prolongs the oxygenation of the brain and heart
What is the ratio of CPR to ventillation?
30 : 2
How often do you give adrenaline?
Every 3-5 minutes
When do you give amiodarone?
After 3 shocks
After ROSC what is the target SpO2?
94 - 98%
What is the difference between technical and non-tecnhical skills?
Technical: How to administer CPR, O2 etc.
Non-technical: Leadership, Communication, Teamwork etc.
Give two examples of reversible causes of cardiac arrest
Hypoxia Hypovolemia Hypo/Hyperkalaemia Hypo/Hyperthermia Pulmonary thrombosis Coronary thrombosis Tamponade Tension Pneumothorax Toxins
What are SBAR and RSVP?
Situation Background Assessment Recommendation Decisions
Reason
Story
Vital signs
Plan
True or false, most cardiac arrests occur without warning?
False. In 80% of cases there is gradual deterioration in clinical signs hours before the cardiac arrest.
How often should NEWS be monitored?
If score is 0 then minumum 12 hrly If total 1-4 then 4-6 hrly If 3 in any single parameter then minimum 1 hrly Total 5-6 then 1 hrly Total 7+ continuous monitoring
Give an example of what you would monitor in ABCDE?
A - Talking / Clear breathing / On Air, O2? B - SpO2 / Resp Rate C - Pulse / Blood pressure D - Glucose / Consciousness / Pupils E - Temperature / Rashes / Bleeding
What does NEWS stand for?
National Early Warning Score
Give two causes of airway obstruction
Foreign Body Vomit Blood Direct trauma Epiglottitis Bronchospasm Laryngospasm
At what resp rate would you escalate to a Medical Emergeny Team (MET)?
< 5 per min
> 36 per min
At what pulse rates would you escalate to a Medical Emergency Team (MET)?
< 40 per min
> 140 per min
At what systolic pressure would you escalate to a Medical Emergency Team (MET)?
< 90 mmHg
