advanced english Flashcards
this should get u prepped for exams
what are the five prosodic features?
stress, pitch, intonation, tempo, volume
define stress
stress refers to the degree of strength used to produce a syllable
define pitch
pitch refers to the ‘height’ of a sound in auditory terms, from low to high
define intonation
intonation is the pattern of pitch changes in a speech, or in other words, the patterns made by rising and falling pitch.
define tempo
tempo, or pace, concerns the speed at which we speak.
define volume
volume refers to the volume of your voice; how loud or quiet you are speaking
why might our pitch rise?
we become excited and our pitch naturally raises
why might someone speak with a lower pitch?
they may wish to sound serious or authoritative
what can intonation also tell us when somebody is speaking?
intonation is also used to distinguish questions from statements; statements have falling intonation and questions have rising intonation at the end of the sentence or question.
why may we speak with a faster tempo?
we might be excited or nervous
why may we speak with a slower tempo?
slower tempos indicate deliberation or reflection on the part of the speaker
can pauses contribute to the tempo of a speech?
yes, pauses can contribute to the tempo of a speech
how do pauses contribute to the tempo of a speech?
long pauses, for example, can be used to deliberately slow speech down, either for dramatic effect or to elicit some sort of emotional response from the listener/s
what does PQC stand for?
point, quote, connect
define what the P in PQC stands for
point - the idea and/or language shown within the text
define what the Q in PQC stands for
quote - show the example
what is register?
register is defined as the way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances
define what the C in PQC stands for
connect - the language to the audience (the impact or the effect of the audience/reader)
what are the three types of register
formal, informal, mixed
what is formal register
used in formal, official or ceremonial situations, with proper grammar and no slang words.
what is informal register
the opposite to formal, slang words, grammar rules aren’t followed, casual talk as if you were talking with a friend.
what is mixed register
mixed register is a mix between formal and informal register.
what are some examples of phonological patterning?
alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, rhythm, rhyme
what is alliteration
repetition of a sound/s at the start of a word
