Advanced Drug Delivery Flashcards
WHAT IS DRUG DELIVERY?
Drug delivery refers to the introduction of a therapeutic substance into the body to achieve a desired effect.
What does the drug delivery process include ? (5)
1.Formulation of the drug in a suitable system
2. Administration of the therapeutic product
3. Release of the active ingredients
4. Transport of the active ingredients across the biological membranes to the site of action
5. Therapeutic effect
WHAT IS THE AIM OF AN ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM ?
To transport a drug into the body and to the site of action, where the drug is released according to a pre-programmed profile, optimising therapeutic effect and minimising adverse effects
ADVANTAGES OF ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY (6)
- Controlled drug release
- Reduced dosing frequency
- Site-specific/targetted delivery
- Reduced variability in systemic drug concentrations
- Reduced incidence of adverse effects
- Increased patient convenience and, therefore, compliance
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM ? (8)
- It should increase the bioavailability of the drug.
- It should allow for modified drug delivery.
- It should transport the drug intact to the site of action, while avoiding non-diseased host tissues.
- The product should be stable, and delivery should be consistent following various storage conditions.
- The same method should be applicable to a wide range of drugs.
- It should be easy to administer to the patient.
- It should be safe and reliable.
- It should be cost-effective.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RELEASE
sustained release
- drug is released slowly at a rate governed by the delivery system
controlled release
- drug is released at a constant rate such that plasma concentrations after administration do not vary with time.
delayed release
Drug is released at a time other than immediately after administration.
ADVANTAGES OF TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
- Avoids gastrointestinal destruction
- Avoids first pass metabolism
- Allows controlled administration
- Patient convenience
WHAT ARE MICRO NEEDLES
- Number of regularly interspaced projections grouped on an array
- Base width: 10 – 500 µm
- Needle height: 10 – 1000 µm
MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURE OF MICRO NEEDLES
- Silicon, metal, glass, ceramic
- Polymeric microneedles e.g. PVP, PVA, PMVE/MA
- Often self-disabling
- Easier disposal
- No risk of re-use and transmission of infection
THERE ARE VARIOUS MICRONEEDLE MODALITIES WHAT ARE THEY
- Hollow
- coated
- solid
- dissolving
- swellable
HYDROGEL-FORMING MICRONEEDLES
- Effective in vitro and in vivo delivery of numerous small molecules and model protein
- Delivery not limited by what can be loaded into needles
- Delivery rate controllable by simple adjustment of hydrogel properties
- Self-disabling, removed intact
– No polymer deposition in skin
MICRONEEDLES - LIST THE ADVANTAGES
- Increased bioavailability
- Facilitates modified drug delivery
- May enhance API stability - Vaccines
- Applicable to a wide range of drugs
- Easily administered
- Self-administration
- Healthcare professional - Improved patient acceptance
- Safe and reliable?
- Cost-effective?
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY
- Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanoscale
- Typically, 0.1 nm up to 100 nm
WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS ?
- Increase the aqueous solubility of the drug
- Protect drugs from degradation
- Sustained release of the encapsulated drug
- Targeted delivery
- Improved bioavailability
- Reduced drug toxicity
WHAT ARE SOME NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS ?
- Nanocrystal
- liposome
- polymeric Michelle
- protein-based NP
- Dendrimer
- Carbon nanotube
- polymer-drug conjugate
- polymer nano shaper
- polymer nano capsule
- inorganic nano particles
- fullerene
