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PM4B > Advanced Drug Delivery > Flashcards

Advanced Drug Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

What does drug delivery/ drug targeting mean?

A

The drug must get to the right place at the right time.

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2
Q

What is the aim of drug delivery?

A

To deliver a certain drug to its precise site of action at the right concentration for the right time.

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3
Q

What is meant by Conventional dosage forms?

A

When drug release and drug plasma levels depend essentially on the physico-chemical properties of the active ingredient.

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4
Q

What is meant by Non-conventional dosage forms?

A

When drug release and drug plasma levels are determined by the technological characteristics of the formulation. This is known as MODIFIED RELEASE.

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5
Q

How can you modify the rate of drug release?

A
  • Very fast release

- Sustained release

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6
Q

How can time be modified with regards to drug release?

A
  • When the release starts after a certain time following administration
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7
Q

How can you modify ‘space’ with regards to drug release?

A
  • Drug release happens in specific areas or tissues

- These specific areas and tissues are targeted

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8
Q

Why is it difficult to target bacterial infections with regards to drug delivery?

A
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9
Q

Why is it difficult targeting cancer with regards to drug delivery?

A
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10
Q

What is the objective of drug targeting?

A

To localise and concentrate drugs to the desired therapeutic site, therefore avoiding all other tissues. This minimises the risk of side-effects.

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11
Q

1st order targeting. What is targeted?

A

Organ or tissue. (e.g. liver targeting)

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12
Q

2nd order targeting. What is targeted?

A

A certain type of cells (e.g. tumour cells)

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13
Q

3rd order targeting. What is targeted?

A

Intracellular compartment (e.g. lysosomes)

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14
Q

What are the three different targeting approaches?

A

1) Magic Bullet
2) Prodrug
3) Macromolecular carrier

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15
Q

Briefly describe a characteristic of the magic bullet.

A

The active ingredient is potent and selective.

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16
Q

Briefly deserve the mechanism of a Prodrug.

A

The Prodrug is inactive. The drug is then activated in the site of action.

17
Q

Briefly describe the mechanism of a Macromolecular carrier?

A

The carrier transports the drug to the desired site of action.

18
Q

What are polyclonal antibodies?

A

Antibodies that work against different antigens.

19
Q

What are Monoclonal antibodies?

A

Antibodies that work against only ONE antigen.

20
Q

What are the two groups of commercially available Monoclonal antibodies?

A

1) Diagnostic agents

2) Therapeutic agents

21
Q

What are Diagnostic agents used for?

A
  • RIA
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • ELISA
22
Q

What are Therapeutic agents used for?

A
  • Immunosuppressants after organ transplants

- Anticancer agents

23
Q

What bonds are used to connect chains of antibodies?

A

Disulphide bonds.

24
Q

Give me three examples of monoclonal antibodies in the market?

A
  • OKT3 (anti-CD3 antibody)
  • Abciximab (ReoPro)
  • Trastuzamab (Herceptin)
25
Q

What is OKT3 used for?

A

Used to prevent rejection of kidney transplants

26
Q

What is Abciximab (ReoPro) used for?

A

For the prevention of cardiac ischemic complications.

27
Q

What is Trastuzumab (Herceptin) used for?

A

To treat HER-2 positive breast carcinoma.

28
Q

Why are monoclonal antibodies as imaging agents?

A

MAb against tumour-associated antigens have been developed. This allows them to be conjugated with a diagnostic imaging agent.

29
Q

What are some MAb imaging agents commercially available and what are they used for?

A
  • Oncoscint (for imaging of colon and ovarian cancer)
  • Prostascint (for imaging of prostate cancer)
  • Myoscint (cardiac imaging)
30
Q

What is the definition of a Prodrug?

A

A prodrug is a chemically and pharmacologically inactive derivative of the drug. They undergo activation at the target site.§

31
Q

What are the 4 benefits of using Prodrugs?

A

1) Improve permeability through biological membranes
2) Site-specific administration
3) Increase duration of drug action
4) Decrease toxicity and side effects

PM4B (3 decks)

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