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RADT2000 > Advanced craniofacial > Flashcards

Advanced craniofacial Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are involved in the formation of the orbit?

A 
7 bones in total 
3 Cranial
-Frontal
-Sphenoid
-Ethmoid
4 Facial
-Maxilla
-Zygoma
-Lacrimal
-Palatine
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2
Q

Orbits: Clinical Indications

A
  • Fractures

- Foreign bodies

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3
Q

Lateral Orbits: Technical factors

A

SID:
40inches

IR:
8X10in; Landscape;

Exposure factors
-8 mAs; 70 kV

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4
Q

Lateral Orbits: positioning and CR

A
  • Patient is erect or recumbent
  • True lateral
  • MSP II to IR
  • IPL perpendicular to IR
  • IOML baseline

CR
- perpendicular to IR; directed to the outer cantheus

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5
Q

Lateral Orbits: Evaluation criteria

A

-Superimposed
orbital roofs
-Optimal density

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6
Q

Orbits Modified Caldwell (occipitofrontal) : technical factors

A

SID:
40in

IR:
8X10in

Exposure factors
70kV; 20mAs

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7
Q

Orbits mod. Caldwell: positioning and CR

A

positioning

  • Patient is prone or erect
  • OML perpendicular to IR

CR
-angled 30 degrees caudad
directed to exit at the nasion

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8
Q

orbits Mod. Caldwell: evaluation criteria

A
  • petrous ridges projected below the inferior orbital margin
  • entire orbit visualized
  • no rotation as evident by the equidistance between the outer canthus and lateral aspect of the skull on both sides
  • no tilt as evident by the orbits within the same horizontal plane
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9
Q

Orbits waters (mod. parieoacanthial): technical factors

A

SID:
40in

IR:
8X10in

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10
Q

Orbit Waters: positioning and CR

A
  • The patient is prone or erect
  • OML forms a 55 degree angle with IR
  • LML perpendicular to IR

CR
perpendicular to IR; exit at acanthion

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11
Q

Waters Obrits: Evaluation Criteria

A 
-Petrous ridges below 
orbital rims
-Less distorted view of 
orbits
-No rotation or tilt as evident by outer canthus to lateral border of skull + inferior margin of orbits
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12
Q

QEII routine for Orbits

A

Waters + lateral

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13
Q

Mandible: Clinical Indications

A

Fractures

Tumors

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14
Q

AP/PA Mandible: technical Factors

A

SID:
40in

IR:
10X12in

Exposure Factors
10-12.5mAs; 70kV

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15
Q

AP/PA Mandible: positioning and CR

A

positioning
-erect or supine (traumas done supine)

CR
perpendicular to IR to exit at the junction of the lips

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16
Q

AP/PA Mandible: Rami baseline

A

OML is perpendicular to the IR for Rami evaulation

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17
Q

AP/PA Mandible: Body baseline

A

The AML is perpendicular to the IR to evaluate the body

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18
Q

AP/PA Mandible: Evaluation criteria

A

-Rami and lateral portion of body visualized
-Midbody and mentum
faintly visualized,
superimposed on c-spine
-No rotation (symmetrical)

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19
Q

PA Axial Mandible: Technical Factors

A

SID
40in

IR
10X12; portrait; grid

Exposure Factors
16mAs; 70-80kV

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20
Q

PA axial Mandible: positioning, baseline and CR

A

Positioning
- erect or prone

baseline: OML perpendicular to IR

CR
20-25 degree cephallic angle; directed to exit at the acathion

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21
Q

PA Axial Mandible: Evaluation Criteria

A 
-TMJs and heads of 
condyles visible through 
mastoid processes
-Condyloid processes well 
visualized and slightly 
elongated
-Midbody and mentum 
faintly visualized, 
superimposed on c-spine
-No rotation (symmetrical)
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22
Q

AP axial (Towne method): technical factors

A

SID
40in

IR
10X12in; Portrait; grid

Exposure Factors
16mAs; 70-80kV

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23
Q

AP Axial Mandible: positioning, baseline and CR

A

position
- erect or supine

Baseline
- OML perpendicular to IR

CR
35-42 degrees caudal (*40 degrees if temporomandibular fossae are area of intrest); Directed 1in superior to the glabella

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24
Q

AP Axial Mandible: Eval. criteria

A 
-Condyloid processes and 
TM fossae visualized
-Minimal superimposition 
of TM fossae and 
mastoids
-No rotation (symmetrical)
25
Mandible- Axiolateral Obliques: technical factors
SID 40in IR 10X12in; Portrait; grid Exposure factors 8mAs; 70kV *both sides are imaged
26
Mandible- Axiolateral Obliques: Positioning and CR for General Survey/ Rami
Positioning - erect or supine - rotate patients head 10-15 degrees from true lateral head tilted 25 degrees towards IR CR - perpendicular to IR ( 25 degrees if head tilt not possible achieve 25-degree angle with cephallic angle) - directed to the area of intrest
27
Mandible- Axiolateral Oblique: Positioning and CR for the Body
positioning - rotate patients head 30 degrees toward the IR from a true lateral - tilt patients head 25 degrees towards IR CR - perpendicular to IR ( 25 degrees if head tilt not possible achieve 25-degree angle with cephallic angle) - directed to the area of intrest
28
Mandible- Axiolateral Obliques: positioning and CR for Mentum
Positoning - rotate patients head 45 degrees towards the IR from true lateral - tilt patients head 25 degrees towards the IR CR - perpendicular to IR ( 25 degrees if head tilt not possible achieve 25-degree angle with cephallic angle) - directed to the area of intrest
29
Mandible- Axiolateral Oblique: Evaluation Criteria
-Side closest to IR visualized -No superimposition of area of interest from opposite side of mandible -Area of interest visualized with minimal foreshortening -No superimposition of rami by c-spine
30
Mandible QEII routine
PA - AML baseline for body - OML baseline for rami Axiolateral obliques - right and left - dependent on area of intrest
31
Mandible- Pantomography positioning
- Ensure patient is standing straight with OML parallel to the floor - Position bite block between patient’s front teeth - Instruct patient to place lips together and position tongue on roof of mouth - Occlusal plane declines 10 from posterior to anterior
32
Mandible- Pantomography: evaluation criteria
Single image of the teeth, mandible, and TMJs Correct positioning indicated by: -Symphysis projected slightly below mandibular angles -Mandible oval in shape -Occlusal plane parallel with long axis of image -Upper and lower teeth slightly apart – no superimposition No rotation or tilt evidenced by: -TMJs on same horizontal plane -Rami and posterior teeth equally magnified -Anterior and posterior teeth sharply visualized with uniform magnification
33
Temporomandibular Joints: Clinical Indications
Indications - Fractures - ROM assessment
34
TMJs- AP Axial (Mod. Townes) : technical factors
SID 40in IR 8X10in; portrait Exposure Factors 16mAs; 70-80kV
35
TMJs AP Axial: Position, baseline and Central Ray
position -patient erect or supine Baseline OML is perpendicular to IR CR 35 degrees caudal (42 degrees caudal if using IOML); directed to 3 inches superior to the nasion
36
TMJs AP Axial: Evaluation Criteria
-Condyloid processes and TM fossae demonstrated -No rotation (symmetrical)
37
TMJs- Axiolateral Open/ Closed mouth: Technical Factors
SID 40 inches IR 8X10in; portrait Exposure Factors 16mAs ; 70-80kV
38
TMJs- Axiolateral Open/Closed Mouth: position and Central Ray
position - erect or prone - Head in a true lateral - TMJ against IR is centered (and imaged) CR -25-30 degrees caudal directed 0.5in anterior and 2in superior to upside EAM
39
TMJs- Axiolateral Open/Closed Mouth: Evaluation Criteria
-Close collimation! -Images marked correctly -TMJ closest to IR is visualized without superimposition by opposition TMJ -TMJ of interest not superimposed by c-spine
40
TMJs QEII routine
Axiolateral open/closed mouth (bilateral)
41
TMJD
``` Temporomandibular joint dysfunction -pain in the jaw joint and surrounding tissues and limitation in jaw movements. ``` Causes - autoimmune diseases - infections - injuries to the jaw area - dental procedures - Arthritis
42
Zygomatic Arches: Clinical Indications
- trauma | - fractures
43
Zygomatic Arches- frontooccipital (AP Axial): technical factors
SID 40in IR 10X12 in; Portrait Exposure Factors 8 mAs; 70kV
44
Le Fort fractures
French surgeon who investigated facial fractures by inflicting various types of trauma on cadaver skulls Published his findings in 1901
45
Le Fort Fractures I
-horizontal maxillary fracture, separating the teeth from the upper face. -fracture line passes through the alveolar ridge, lateral nose and inferior wall of maxillary sinus
46
Le Fort Fractures II
-pyramidal fracture, with the teeth at the pyramid base, and nasofrontal suture at its apex -fracture arch passes through posterior alveolar ridge, lateral walls of maxillary sinuses, inferior orbital rim and nasal bones
47
Le Fort III
-craniofacial disjunction -fracture line passes through nasofrontal suture, maxillo-frontal suture, orbital wall and zygomatic arch.
48
Zygomatic Arches- AP Axial: Position, baseline and CR
position - pt. is erect or recumbent Baseline OML perpendicular to IR CR Angled 30 degrees caudal, directed 1in superior to the nasion to pass through the zygoma
49
Zygomatic Arches- AP Axial: Evaluation Criteria
- Arches seen without rotation or superimposition | - close collimation
50
Zygomatic Arches- parietoacanthial: technical Factors
SID 40in IR 10X12in; portrait; grid Exposure Factors 70kV; 10-12.5 mAs
51
Zygomatic Arches- Submentovertex (SMV): technical factors
SID 40in IR 10X12in; portrait Exposure Factors 8-10mAs; 70kV
52
Zygomatic Arches- SMV: position and CR
position -have pt. lift chin and hyperextend their neck IOML parallel to IR CR perpendicular to IR, directed 4cm inferior to mentum
53
Zygomatic Arches- SMV: Evaluation Criteria
-Both zygomatic arches demonstrated laterally from each ramus -No rotation -Close collimation
54
Zygomatic Arches- Inferosuperior Tangential: Techincal Factors
SID 40 IR 10X12in; Portrait Exposure factors 8mAs; 70kV
55
Zygomatic Arches- inferosuperior tangential : position, baseline and CR
position - patient is erect (sitting) - have patient lift chin and hyperextend their neck - IOML perpendicular to IR - rotate patients head and tilt chin 15 degrees towards side to be exaimined CR -perpendicular to IR directed to Zygomatic arch of intrest
56
Zygomatic Arches- Inferosuperior tangential: evaluation criteria
- Zygomatic arch without superimposition | - close collimation
57
Blowout Fracture
A break in one or more the orbital bones. Indicated by a 'Brow sign'
58
Tripod Fracture
Effects the: - zygomatic arch. - inferior orbital rim, and anterior and posterior maxillary sinus walls. - lateral orbital rim.

RADT2000 (7 decks)

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