Advanced Cell Signalling Flashcards
What is p53?
Tumour suppressor protein
Structure of p53
53kDa protein co-immunoprecipitated with a large SV40 T antigen
What is SV40 large t antigen?
Viral protein required for viral DNA replication
SV40 transform cells
Large T antigen forms a complex with p53 (53kDa) protein
What happens when SV40 T antigen binds to p53?
Inactivates p53
This causes the cells to leave G1 phase and enter into S phase, which promotes DNA replication.
What chromosome is p53 found on?
17
Where on the chromosome is p53 found?
Short (p) arm of chromosome 17 at position 13
17p13
Whats p53 known as?
Guardian of the genome
Li fraumeni syndrome
Germline mutation in p53
What happens when p53 is mutated?
Reduced (attenuated) tumour suppressor function
Increases your risk of cancers e.g neuroblastoma
p53 mutation rate in cancers
50% of cancers
What type of mutation occurs in p53?
Missense- nucleotide changes so codon codes for a different amino acid
High levels of non-functional protein
p53 mutation effect on chemotherapy
p53 mutation causes poor response to chemotherapy
What activates/upregulates p53 activity?
Cell stress e.g DNA damage by mutagen/UV/radiation/chemical damage
How does p53 respond to DNA damage?
p53 induces target genes
target genes= repair DNA, cause cell cycle arrest (p21) and apoptosis (BAX)
Structure of p53
400 amino acids in length
1st 100 amino acids= transactivation domain
Next 200 amino acids= DNA binding domain
Final 100 base pairs= Tetramerization gene
What happens in the transactivation domain?
Transcriptional machinery binds to p53 here
MDM2 (mater regulator of p53) and HPVE6 binds here too
What happens at the DNA binding domain?
p53 binds to DNA here
allows p53 to interact with nucleotides in promoters to bind and transactivate its target genes
SV40 (tumour antigen) also binds here
Where do 95% of mutations p53 occur in?
DNA binding domain
Effect of mutation in DNA binding domain of p53?
Will affect p53 function and ability to induce target genes in response to DNA damage
What occurs at tetramerization gene?
Interacts with other p53 based proteins that can regulate p53 e.g p300
What are DNA contact mutants
Mutants which establish contact with DNA by forming Zn fingers
Can change DNA conformation
What are structural mutants?
Alter structure of central domain of p53
In the cell cycle what does p53 regulate in response to DNA damage?
Cell cycle checkpoints