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Angielski > advanced > Flashcards

advanced Flashcards

1
Q

Aberration

A

A departure from what is normal or expected.

Example: ‘The recent weather patterns are an aberration.’

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2
Q

Abstain

A

To refrain from doing something.

Example: ‘The council decided to abstain from voting.’

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3
Q

Adept

A

Very skilled or proficient.

Example: ‘She is adept at navigating complex negotiations.’

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4
Q

Admonish

A

To warn or reprimand someone firmly.

Example: ‘The teacher admonished the students for their behavior.’

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5
Q

Alacrity

A

Brisk and cheerful readiness.

Example: ‘She accepted the offer with alacrity.’

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6
Q

Apathetic

A

Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

Example: ‘The voters were surprisingly apathetic during the election.’

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7
Q

Arduous

A

Involving or requiring strenuous effort.

Example: ‘Climbing the mountain was an arduous task.’

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8
Q

Assiduous

A

Showing great care and perseverance.

Example: ‘She was assiduous in completing the project on time.’

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9
Q

Belligerent

A

Hostile and aggressive.

Example: ‘His belligerent attitude led to a heated argument.’

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10
Q

Bereft

A

Deprived of or lacking something.

Example: ‘After the scandal, he was bereft of public support.’

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11
Q

Capitulate

A

To surrender or cease resistance.

Example: ‘The enemy forces capitulated after a long siege.’

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12
Q

Conundrum

A

A confusing and difficult problem.

Example: ‘The new regulations created a conundrum for businesses.’

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13
Q

Deleterious

A

Causing harm or damage.

Example: ‘The policy changes had deleterious effects on the economy.’

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14
Q

Elucidate

A

To make something clear or explain.

Example: ‘The professor elucidated the complex theory.’

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15
Q

Eloquent

A

Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing.

Example: ‘She gave an eloquent speech on climate change.’

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16
Q

Ephemeral

A

Lasting for a very short time.

Example: ‘Fame in the age of social media is often ephemeral.’

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17
Q

Equivocate

A

To use ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth.

Example: ‘The politician equivocated when asked about the scandal.’

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18
Q

Exacerbate

A

To make a problem worse.

Example: ‘Rising inflation exacerbated the economic crisis.’

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19
Q

Fortuitous

A

Happening by chance or luck.

Example: ‘It was fortuitous that we found the solution so quickly.’

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20
Q

Garrulous

A

Excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters.

Example: ‘His garrulous nature made meetings drag on.’

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21
Q

Iconoclast

A

A person who attacks or criticizes cherished beliefs.

Example: ‘The author was considered an iconoclast for challenging traditional values.’

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22
Q

Impetuous

A

Acting quickly without thought or care.

Example: ‘His impetuous decisions often led to trouble.’

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23
Q

Innocuous

A

Not harmful or offensive.

Example: ‘The comment seemed innocuous, but it sparked a controversy.’

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24
Q

Loquacious

A

Very talkative.

Example: ‘Her loquacious personality made her popular at parties.’

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25
Q

Mundane

A

Lacking interest or excitement; dull.

Example: ‘He found his daily routine mundane and unfulfilling.’

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26
Q

Nefarious

A

Wicked or criminal.

Example: ‘The villain’s nefarious plot was foiled by the hero.’

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27
Q

Obfuscate

A

To deliberately make something unclear or obscure.

Example: ‘The lawyer tried to obfuscate the facts of the case.’

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28
Q

Ostentatious

A

Characterized by vulgar or pretentious display.

Example: ‘The billionaire’s ostentatious lifestyle attracted media attention.’

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29
Q

Perfunctory

A

Carried out with minimum effort or reflection.

Example: ‘Her perfunctory response indicated she was not interested.’

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30
Q

Plethora

A

A large or excessive amount of something.

Example: ‘There was a plethora of options to choose from.’

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31
Q

Quintessential

A

Representing the most perfect example of something.

Example: ‘She is the quintessential leader: confident, decisive, and empathetic.’

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32
Q

Recalcitrant

A

Having an uncooperative attitude toward authority.

Example: ‘The recalcitrant student refused to follow the rules.’

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33
Q

Sanguine

A

Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation.

Example: ‘Despite the setbacks, she remained sanguine about the future.’

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34
Q

Tenacity

A

The quality of being determined or persistent.

Example: ‘His tenacity in pursuing the project was commendable.’

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35
Q

Ubiquitous

A

Present, appearing, or found everywhere.

Example: ‘Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society.’

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36
Q

Venerate

A

To regard with great respect or reverence.

Example: ‘The philosopher is venerated for his contributions to ethics.’

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37
Q

Voracious

A

Having a very eager approach to an activity.

Example: ‘He was a voracious reader, finishing books in a single day.’

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38
Q

Advanced Vocabulary/Phrase

A

Definition/Example

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39
Q

Commence

A

Begin. Example: ‘Let us commence our discussion on international relations.’

40
Q

Conclude

A

End. Example: ‘I would like to conclude by emphasizing the importance of diplomacy.’

41
Q

Demonstrate

A

Show. Example: ‘This data demonstrates the impact of trade policies.’

42
Q

Require

A

Need. Example: ‘These negotiations require a high level of expertise.’

43
Q

Facilitate

A

Help. Example: ‘The UN aims to facilitate peace talks.’

44
Q

Contemplate

A

Think. Example: ‘We should contemplate the long-term effects of this policy.’

45
Q

Initiate

A

Start. Example: ‘The government plans to initiate new economic reforms.’

46
Q

Address

A

Deal with. Example: ‘We must address the issue of climate change with urgency.’

47
Q

Obtain

A

Get. Example: ‘To obtain accurate data, we conducted several surveys.’

48
Q

Provide

A

Give. Example: ‘This report provides an in-depth analysis of the situation.’

49
Q

Purchase

A

Buy. Example: ‘The corporation plans to purchase new technology to enhance efficiency.’

50
Q

State

A

Say. Example: ‘He stated that international cooperation is crucial.’

51
Q

Endeavor

A

Try. Example: ‘We must endeavor to find a solution to this issue.’

52
Q

Rectify

A

Fix. Example: ‘The committee worked to rectify the administrative error.’

53
Q

Elucidate

A

Explain. Example: ‘Could you elucidate the implications of this policy?’

54
Q

Utilize

A

Use. Example: ‘The company plans to utilize new technology to improve efficiency.’

55
Q

Examine

A

Look at. Example: ‘We need to examine the consequences of this decision closely.’

56
Q

Abort

A

Call off. Example: ‘They decided to abort the mission due to unforeseen circumstances.’

57
Q

Reiterate

A

Say again. Example: ‘I would like to reiterate the importance of this partnership.’

58
Q

Augment

A

To increase or make something greater. Example: ‘The government plans to augment defense spending.’

59
Q

Curtail

A

To reduce or limit something. Example: ‘Freedom of the press has been severely curtailed in some regions.’

60
Q

Expedite

A

To speed up a process. Example: ‘We must expedite the approval of these reforms.’

61
Q

Refute

A

To prove something to be false. Example: ‘The study refutes the commonly held belief that climate change is not man-made.’

62
Q

Invoke

A

To call upon or use a law, right, or authority. Example: ‘The president invoked emergency powers to deal with the crisis.’

63
Q

Alleviate

A

To make something less severe. Example: ‘International aid is needed to alleviate the suffering caused by the disaster.’

64
Q

Substantiate

A

To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something. Example: ‘The report failed to substantiate the claims made by the opposition.’

65
Q

Ameliorate

A

To make a bad situation better. Example: ‘Steps have been taken to ameliorate the economic downturn.’

66
Q

Prerogative

A

A right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class. Example: ‘It is the prerogative of the president to veto legislation.’

67
Q

Repercussions

A

The unintended consequences of an action, especially negative ones. Example: ‘The economic repercussions of the policy were felt across the region.’

68
Q

Dichotomy

A

A division or contrast between two things that are opposed or entirely different. Example: ‘The dichotomy between rich and poor has been exacerbated by recent events.’

69
Q

Consensus

A

General agreement among a group. Example: ‘There was a consensus among the members to move forward with the plan.’

70
Q

Impetus

A

The force or energy that makes something happen. Example: ‘The crisis provided the impetus for urgent reform.’

71
Q

Paradigm

A

A model or example that shows how something should be done. Example: ‘The shift in policy represents a new paradigm for economic growth.’

72
Q

Conundrum

A

A confusing or difficult problem. Example: ‘The conundrum of how to balance security with freedom remains unresolved.’

73
Q

Precedent

A

An earlier event or action that serves as an example or rule for future similar circumstances. Example: ‘This decision sets a dangerous precedent for future governance.’

74
Q

Salient

A

Most noticeable or important. Example: ‘The salient points of the argument need to be addressed.’

75
Q

Opaque

A

Hard to understand or unclear. Example: ‘The contract language is opaque and needs clarification.’

76
Q

Pertinent

A

Relevant or applicable to a particular matter. Example: ‘The report raises several pertinent questions about the policy.’

77
Q

Inherent

A

Existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute. Example: ‘Corruption is an inherent problem in many developing countries.’

78
Q

Conducive

A

Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible. Example: ‘A calm environment is conducive to productive negotiations.’

79
Q

Eminent

A

Famous, respected, or important. Example: ‘He is an eminent scholar in the field of international law.’

80
Q

Inevitable

A

Certain to happen; unavoidable. Example: ‘Given the current trends, economic restructuring is inevitable.’

81
Q

Ambivalent

A

Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone. Example: ‘The public is ambivalent about the proposed changes.’

82
Q

Equitable

A

Fair and impartial. Example: ‘We must ensure that the distribution of resources is equitable.’

83
Q

Be that as it may

A

Acknowledging the truth of a statement but countering it with another point. Example: ‘Be that as it may, the decision still stands.’

84
Q

At the outset

A

From the beginning. Example: ‘At the outset, the plan seemed viable, but complications arose.’

85
Q

By the same token

A

For the same reason. Example: ‘By the same token, we cannot ignore the environmental implications.’

86
Q

In tandem with

A

Alongside or simultaneously. Example: ‘The project will be developed in tandem with new technological advancements.’

87
Q

In due course

A

At the appropriate time. Example: ‘The results of the study will be made public in due course.’

88
Q

All things considered

A

Taking everything into account. Example: ‘All things considered, the policy has been successful.’

89
Q

In the final analysis

A

After considering everything. Example: ‘In the final analysis, the benefits far outweigh the risks.’

90
Q

In retrospect

A

Looking back on or reviewing past events. Example: ‘In retrospect, we should have anticipated these challenges.’

91
Q

On balance

A

Overall, when considering all aspects. Example: ‘On balance, the initiative was a success.’

92
Q

It is imperative that

A

It is absolutely necessary that. Example: ‘It is imperative that we address this issue immediately.’

93
Q

One cannot overstate the importance of

A

Emphasizing that something is very important. Example: ‘One cannot overstate the importance of sustainable development.’

94
Q

It stands to reason that

A

It is logical to conclude. Example: ‘It stands to reason that economic stability leads to political stability.’

95
Q

There is no denying that

A

It is obvious or irrefutable that. Example: ‘There is no denying that climate change poses a serious threat.’

96
Q

To a considerable extent

A

In a significant way. Example: ‘To a considerable extent, the reforms have achieved their goals.’

Angielski (3 decks)

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