advance genetics Flashcards
When gametes form, alleles are separated so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. Which of Mendel’s law is this?
- Law of Segregation
The recessive alleles will be masked by dominant alleles. Which of Mendel’s laws is this?
- Principle of Dominance
Austrian monk who developed the principles of inheritance by performing experiments on pea plants.
Gregor Mendel
He first proposed the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Sutton
A monohybrid cross determines the allele combinations for potential offspring for one gene only.
Punnett Grids
Modes of Inheritance: Neither allele is completely dominant over the other
Incomplete Dominance
Modes of Inheritance: Pairs of alleles are both expressed equally in the phenotype
Codominance
Modes of Inheritance: When a gene is controlling a characteristic on a sex chromosome (X or Y)
Sex-linked Inheritance
X-linked recessive traits are more common in ____ as the condition cannot be masked by a second allele.
Males
True or False: Only females can be carriers of X-linked conditions
True
Is a disease characterized by bent limbs, and he body is not able to absorb calcium due to resistance from Vitamin D.
X-linked Doninant Disease: Rickets
Some of its symptoms are delays in talking, anxiety, and hyperactive behaviour.
Fragile X Syndrome
Genetic Disorder whereby the body’s ability to control blood clotting is impaired.
Hemophilia
Genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration.
Duchene Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
Alleles that cause an organism to die.
Lethal Alleles
Genetic condition which causes Dwarfism.
Human Achondroplasia
Condition whereby one gene controls the expression of another gene
Epistasis
Occurs when w single gene affects multiple traits
Pleiotropy
The process by which one of the two X chromosomes present in females is inactivated.
X-inactivation
Describes the presence of two populations of cells with distinct genotypes within a single organism.
Mosaicism
Groups of genetically identical organisms or a group of cells derived from a single original parent cell
Clones
Method by which cloned embryos can be produced using differentiated adult cells
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)
In molecular biology, a ________ is a vehicle that is used to deliver genetic material to a target cell via ___________________
vector, horizontal gene transfer
For non-viral deliveries, a commonly used vector is a __________
Plasmid
Plasmids can be introduced to target cells by variety of means; _______ is when an electric current is applied to make temporary holes in the cell membrane.
Electroporation
________- DNA-coated particles are shot into the cells by a gene gun.
Particle Bombardment
In viral deliveries, insertion of a viral vector into a cell is called ______ and utilizes the ability of a virus to inject its DNA into a host cell.
Transduction
