Adv Midterm Flashcards by riley weix

The plasma mem consists primarily of

Phosolipids

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What can be triggered by defects in apoptoic process

Autoimmune disease

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Which cell structure provides support and controls movement

Cytoskeleton

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Which organelle serves as the digestive system for the cell

Lysosome

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Chromatin consists of trightly wound proteins called

His tones

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Steps of process of protein synthesis

Cell signaling
Transcription
Pre mRNA attaches to the ribosome to initiate translation
Post translations modifications
Elongation

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Role of cholesterol in plasma mem structure

To regulate fluidity and permeability

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Where are majority of complete of the etc embedded

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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Which term describes energy releasing reactions

Exothermic

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Portion of GI tract that most digestion occur

Small intestine

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Gut associated lymphoid tissues contains the body’s largest pop of immune cells

True

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Inhibits gall bladder contraction and diminishes pancreatic enzyme secretion

Somatostain

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Stimulates gastric and intestinal motility between meals

Motilin

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Stimulates secretion of gastric acid and Pepsinogen

Gastric

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Increases appetite

Grehlin

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Stimulates gall bladder contractions and sphincter of oddi relaxation

Cck

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Two structural components of ileum and jejunum taht allow for increased surface area

Fold and micovilli

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Function or illiocecal valve

Prevent migration of bacteria from large into the small intestine

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Substance not apart of saliva

Protease

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What is true of bile

Recirculate into portal vein
Acts like detergent and emulsify lipid
Concentrate and stored in gall bladder
Synthesized in liver
Composed of cholesterol bile salts and phosolipids

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Salivary amylase

Parotid gland

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Bile

Hepatocytes

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Hydrochloric acid and intristic factor

Gastric parietal cells

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Lactase

Intestinal epithelial cells

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Zymogen such as tryposinogen

Pancreas

Health benefits of fiber are based on what

Viscosity and fermentability

Fiber may contribute to satiety by

Slow gastric emptying

Beta glucans are effective in reducing serum cholesterol

True

Which isn’t a target for restriction in low FOdMAP diet

Maltose

Which are broken down by human digestive enzymes

Maltose Amylopectin Sucrose Amylose

Glut 5

Only used for fructose transport

Glut 3

Transports glucose into neurons wbc and placenta

Glut 2

Used for glucose galactose and fructose transport in liver beta cells of pancreas kidney sm intestine

Glut 1

Used for glucose and galactose transport in erythrocytes CNS blood brain barrier placenta and fetal tissues

Glut4

Insulin dependent present in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Outspoken of Pentose pathway is

Produce 5 carbon sugar used in the syrup of dna and rna

Gluconeogenisis

Creation of glucose from glycerol AA pyruvate or lactate

Glycolysis

Breakdown of monosaccharides for e every production in cells through the body

Glycogenesis

Creation of storage CHO in liver and skeletal muscle cells

Glycogenolysis

Breakdown of storage CHO to maintain BG or skeletal muscle energy

All carbs broken down are composed of

Monosaccharides

Essential AA for premature babies

Cytosteine and proline

EAA needed form diet

Histidine isoleucine valine lysine

Nitrogen containing compounds taht are made form AA

Caratine used for FA transport Purine and oyrimadine bases of dna and rna

Which AA is metabolized for energy in intestinal cells and essitab in hypercatabolic conditions such as critical illness

Glutamine

Organ that serves as primary site of AA metabolism

Liver

Which good group is considered complimentary cus if AA it supplies

Grains

Chylomicroms are absorbed from erythrocytes into prorate vein for transport to the liver

False

Normal product of FA synthase system

16;0 palmitic acid

Essential must b supplied by diet

Lioekc and alpha linoleic acid

Carbon carbon double bonds in trans co figuration

It extend FA into a linear shape

Whne ethanol alcohol is metabolized by humans it yield

7 calories per gram

Ketones are produced form

Acetyl co A

What are end products when FA are completely oxidized

Carbon dioxide water and energy

End product of beta oxidation

Acetyl co a

Electrons and protons from TCA are captured by

NAD FADH2

All the true statements about mechanisms of absorption

Active transport is a process that utilizes mem transporters and e every expenditure to concentrate substances on one side of plasma mem Facilitated diffusion allows equalization of a substance on both sides of plasma mem with help form carrier protein

Which of the following could cause damage to vague nerve and negatively impact motility if digestive system

Uncontrolled DM Hypertension (hi blood pressure) Surgery

What product produced by neck cells of stomach protect the epithelium form mechanical and Chem damage

Mucus

Low fiber diets will lower blood glucose levels

False

What of the following have Chem formula c6h12o6

Glucose fructose galactose

Where are lactase sucrose and Maltese produced

Brush boarder cells of sm intest

Which of the following are true about insulin

Causes translocation of glut 4 to cell mem and adipose tissue Binds to it’s receptor on the plasma mem in reposnse to rising BGL

Has high affinity for electrons

Oxygen

It is the final Acceptor in ETC

Extron

Which of following yields highest production of atp for each mol or glucose

Carriers bring electrons and protons captured from complete oxidation of glucose to the ETC where ADP is converted to atp by atp synthase

Facilitated diffusion through gluts allows

Polar mols such as glucose fructose galactose to move across plasma mem from areas of HIGH concentration to LOW concentrations

How is energy obtained from ETC

Energy obtained from gradient of protons that move from intermem space across inner mitochondrial mem through atp synthase

Which Carries out reverse cholesterol transport that removes cholesterol from peripheral cells and returns it to the liver

HDL

The oxidation of Ethanol increases the concentration of NADH what effect does it have on tissues that metabolize ethanol

Increased triglycerides synthesis

Following are true about cholesterol

It is required for synthesis of steroid hormones and Vit D Composed of four ringed structures Precursors for bile acids Import part of plasma mem

Carrier molecule needed for mitochondrial mem transport of long chain fatty acids and there coA

Carnitine