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Advanced Macro And Micro > Adv Midterm > Flashcards

Adv Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The plasma mem consists primarily of

A

Phosolipids

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2
Q

What can be triggered by defects in apoptoic process

A

Autoimmune disease

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3
Q

Which cell structure provides support and controls movement

A

Cytoskeleton

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4
Q

Which organelle serves as the digestive system for the cell

A

Lysosome

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5
Q

Chromatin consists of trightly wound proteins called

A

His tones

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6
Q

Steps of process of protein synthesis

A

Cell signaling
Transcription
Pre mRNA attaches to the ribosome to initiate translation
Post translations modifications
Elongation

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7
Q

Role of cholesterol in plasma mem structure

A

To regulate fluidity and permeability

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8
Q

Where are majority of complete of the etc embedded

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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9
Q

Which term describes energy releasing reactions

A

Exothermic

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10
Q

Portion of GI tract that most digestion occur

A

Small intestine

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11
Q

Gut associated lymphoid tissues contains the body’s largest pop of immune cells

A

True

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12
Q

Inhibits gall bladder contraction and diminishes pancreatic enzyme secretion

A

Somatostain

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13
Q

Stimulates gastric and intestinal motility between meals

A

Motilin

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14
Q

Stimulates secretion of gastric acid and Pepsinogen

A

Gastric

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15
Q

Increases appetite

A

Grehlin

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16
Q

Stimulates gall bladder contractions and sphincter of oddi relaxation

A

Cck

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17
Q

Two structural components of ileum and jejunum taht allow for increased surface area

A

Fold and micovilli

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18
Q

Function or illiocecal valve

A

Prevent migration of bacteria from large into the small intestine

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19
Q

Substance not apart of saliva

A

Protease

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20
Q

What is true of bile

A

Recirculate into portal vein
Acts like detergent and emulsify lipid
Concentrate and stored in gall bladder
Synthesized in liver
Composed of cholesterol bile salts and phosolipids

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21
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Parotid gland

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22
Q

Bile

A

Hepatocytes

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23
Q

Hydrochloric acid and intristic factor

A

Gastric parietal cells

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24
Q

Lactase

A

Intestinal epithelial cells

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25
Q

Zymogen such as tryposinogen

A

Pancreas

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26
Q

Health benefits of fiber are based on what

A

Viscosity and fermentability

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27
Q

Fiber may contribute to satiety by

A

Slow gastric emptying

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28
Q

Beta glucans are effective in reducing serum cholesterol

A

True

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29
Q

Which isn’t a target for restriction in low FOdMAP diet

A

Maltose

30
Q

Which are broken down by human digestive enzymes

A

Maltose
Amylopectin
Sucrose
Amylose

31
Q

Glut 5

A

Only used for fructose transport

32
Q

Glut 3

A

Transports glucose into neurons wbc and placenta

33
Q

Glut 2

A

Used for glucose galactose and fructose transport in liver beta cells of pancreas kidney sm intestine

34
Q

Glut 1

A

Used for glucose and galactose transport in erythrocytes CNS blood brain barrier placenta and fetal tissues

35
Q

Glut4

A

Insulin dependent present in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

36
Q

Outspoken of Pentose pathway is

A

Produce 5 carbon sugar used in the syrup of dna and rna

37
Q

Gluconeogenisis

A

Creation of glucose from glycerol AA pyruvate or lactate

38
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breakdown of monosaccharides for e every production in cells through the body

39
Q

Glycogenesis

A

Creation of storage CHO in liver and skeletal muscle cells

40
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of storage CHO to maintain BG or skeletal muscle energy

41
Q

All carbs broken down are composed of

A

Monosaccharides

42
Q

Essential AA for premature babies

A

Cytosteine and proline

43
Q

EAA needed form diet

A

Histidine isoleucine valine lysine

44
Q

Nitrogen containing compounds taht are made form AA

A

Caratine used for FA transport
Purine and oyrimadine bases of dna and rna

45
Q

Which AA is metabolized for energy in intestinal cells and essitab in hypercatabolic conditions such as critical illness

A

Glutamine

46
Q

Organ that serves as primary site of AA metabolism

A

Liver

47
Q

Which good group is considered complimentary cus if AA it supplies

A

Grains

48
Q

Chylomicroms are absorbed from erythrocytes into prorate vein for transport to the liver

A

False

49
Q

Normal product of FA synthase system

A

16;0 palmitic acid

50
Q

Essential must b supplied by diet

A

Lioekc and alpha linoleic acid

51
Q

Carbon carbon double bonds in trans co figuration

A

It extend FA into a linear shape

52
Q

Whne ethanol alcohol is metabolized by humans it yield

A

7 calories per gram

53
Q

Ketones are produced form

A

Acetyl co A

54
Q

What are end products when FA are completely oxidized

A

Carbon dioxide water and energy

55
Q

End product of beta oxidation

A

Acetyl co a

56
Q

Electrons and protons from TCA are captured by

A

NAD FADH2

57
Q

All the true statements about mechanisms of absorption

A

Active transport is a process that utilizes mem transporters and e every expenditure to concentrate substances on one side of plasma mem
Facilitated diffusion allows equalization of a substance on both sides of plasma mem with help form carrier protein

58
Q

Which of the following could cause damage to vague nerve and negatively impact motility if digestive system

A

Uncontrolled DM
Hypertension (hi blood pressure)
Surgery

59
Q

What product produced by neck cells of stomach protect the epithelium form mechanical and Chem damage

A

Mucus

60
Q

Low fiber diets will lower blood glucose levels

A

False

61
Q

What of the following have Chem formula c6h12o6

A

Glucose fructose galactose

62
Q

Where are lactase sucrose and Maltese produced

A

Brush boarder cells of sm intest

63
Q

Which of the following are true about insulin

A

Causes translocation of glut 4 to cell mem and adipose tissue
Binds to it’s receptor on the plasma mem in reposnse to rising BGL

64
Q

Has high affinity for electrons

A

Oxygen

65
Q

It is the final Acceptor in ETC

A

Extron

66
Q

Which of following yields highest production of atp for each mol or glucose

A

Carriers bring electrons and protons captured from complete oxidation of glucose to the ETC where ADP is converted to atp by atp synthase

67
Q

Facilitated diffusion through gluts allows

A

Polar mols such as glucose fructose galactose to move across plasma mem from areas of HIGH concentration to LOW concentrations

68
Q

How is energy obtained from ETC

A

Energy obtained from gradient of protons that move from intermem space across inner mitochondrial mem through atp synthase

69
Q

Which Carries out reverse cholesterol transport that removes cholesterol from peripheral cells and returns it to the liver

A

HDL

70
Q

The oxidation of Ethanol increases the concentration of NADH what effect does it have on tissues that metabolize ethanol

A

Increased triglycerides synthesis

71
Q

Following are true about cholesterol

A

It is required for synthesis of steroid hormones and Vit D
Composed of four ringed structures
Precursors for bile acids
Import part of plasma mem

72
Q

Carrier molecule needed for mitochondrial mem transport of long chain fatty acids and there coA

A

Carnitine

Advanced Macro And Micro (2 decks)

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