Adult Psychopathology Flashcards
What are the three defining features of a psychological disorder?
Psychological Dysfunction
Distress or Impairment
Atypical Response
The scientific study of psychological disorders
psychopathology
Clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists
receive the Ph.D., doctor of philosophy, degree
(or sometimes an Ed.D., doctor of education, or Psy.D., doctor of psychology) and follow a course have worked on a
of graduate-level study lasting approximately 5 years, which prepares them to conduct research into
the causes and treatment of psychological disorders and to diagnose, assess, and treat these disorders
clinical psychologists usually concentrate on more severe psychological disorders.
Clinical psychologist
tend to study and treat adjustment and vocational
issues encountered by relatively healthy individuals
counseling psychologist
investigate the nature and causes of
psychological disorders, often from a biological point of view; make diagnoses; and offer treatments.
earn an M.D. degree in medical school & residency training for 3-4 years
psychiatrist
collecting information relevant to the social and family situation of the individual with a psychological
disorder.
also treat disorders, often concentrating on family problems
associated with them.
psychiatric social worker
typically spend 1 to 2 years earning a master’s
degree and are employed to provide clinical services by hospitals or clinics, usually under the
supervision of a doctoral-level clinician.
marriage and family therapists & mental health counselors
What is the difference between a clinical psychologist with a PhD versus a PsyD?
PhD: Clinical and counseling psychologist, cannot prescribe meds, Clinical scientist
PsyD: Clinical, counseling Dr. of psychology, practitioner-scholar
A scientist-practitioner engages in what three activities?
The consumer of science,
evaluate its own services, &
creator/ contributor to the field.
number of people displaying disorder in the population at any given time
prevalence
number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period
incidence
suspected outcome of a disorder over time
prognosis
Cause or surface of the disorder
etiology
From the biological tradition, what explanations of psychological disorders were offered by Galen?
One of the more interesting and influential legacies of the Hippocratic-Galenic approach is the
humoral theory of disorders. Hippocrates assumed that normal brain functioning was related to
four bodily fluids or humors: blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm.
Who is Howard Dully and what biological “treatment” did he have?
Howard Dully was a child who suffered child abuse
He had a lobotomy at 12 yrs old.
What is “moral therapy” and who is most
associated with this movement?
Psychosocial approach in the 19th century that involved treating patients as normally as possible
in normal environments. DOROTHEA DIX is the most associated.
Who was Dorothy Dix, and what were the unforeseen consequence of her mental
hygiene movement?
Elizabeth Meriwether Gilmer (Dorothy Dix) was an American journalist and columnist.
The consequence of her movement was the disproportionate increase in hospitalized patients.
Mid-19th-century effort to improve care of the mentally disordered
by informing the public of their mistreatment.
Mental hygiene movement
In psychoanalytic psychotherapy, what are the major treatment techniques to make
the unconscious conscious?
free association, dream analysis and transference
Psychoanalytic therapy technique intended to explore threatening material
repressed into the unconscious. The patient is instructed to say whatever comes to mind without
censoring.
Free association
Psychoanalytic therapy method in which dream contents are examined
as symbolic of id impulses and intrapsychic conflicts.
Dream analysis
Psychoanalytic concept suggesting that clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they
do to important authority figures, particularly their parents.
Transference
How is psychodynamic psychotherapy different than traditional Psychoanalytic
Psychotherapy?
Psychodynamic therapy tends to be briefer and less intensive
than traditional psychoanalysis. Psychodynamic therapy uses free association and
focuses on unconscious conflicts, defense mechanisms, transference, and current symptoms.
In humanistic, person-centered therapy, what is meant by unconditional positive
regard and empathy?
therapists must be empathetic and non-judgmental to convey their feelings of
understanding, trust, and confidence that encourage their clients to make their own
decisions and choices.
What did the following people contribute to a behavioral model of psychopathology:
John Watson/Rosalie Rayner, Mary Cover-Jones, and Joseph Wolpe?
John Watson: Child Development
Rosalie Rayner: Little Albert experiment. Tested on his response to stimuli at 9 mo. old showing empirical evidence of classical conditioning
Mary Cover-Jones: “the mother of behavior therapy” because of her early work on the unconditioning of the fear reaction in infants
Joseph Wolpe: Systematic desensitization is known to help people recover from phobias, fear and panic disorders
What historical treatments were depicted in the movie, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s
Nest?
Electroshock Lobotomy hydrotherapy Medication management Group therapy Rec therapy Music therapy
