Adult Care Exam 4 Flashcards
What is the definition of cancer invasion?
Growth into the surrounding tissue.
What is metastasis in cancer?
Spread to distant sites.
What is the most common method of cancer spread?
Lymphatic spread.
What does hematogenous spread refer to?
Spread related to the vascularity of the tumor.
What is local seeding in cancer spread?
Tumors shed cells or emboli that seed surfaces of other organs in a body cavity.
List some common risk factors for cancer.
- Family history
- Certain viruses (Epstein-Barr, hepatitis B, HPV)
- Bacteria
- Sun exposure
- Tobacco
- Chemical exposure
- Chronic irritation
- Low fiber and high intake of red meats/animal fat
What is one primary prevention strategy for breast cancer?
Tamoxifen can be used to prevent breast cancer.
What are soy products used for in cancer prevention?
They are high in ‘false’ estrogen, which tricks the body into not producing too much of its own estrogen.
Which vitamins are considered antioxidants that may decrease cancer risk?
- Vitamins E
- C
- A
- B
- D
What is a key component of personal accountability in cancer prevention?
Breathe clean air (no smoking or secondhand smoke).
At what age should women begin annual mammograms?
Age 40 (at-risk individuals start at age 30).
What does the CAUTION acronym stand for in cancer symptoms?
- C: Change in bowel and bladder habits
- A: Sore that does not heal
- U: Unusual bleeding or discharge
- T: Thickening or a lump
- I: Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
- O: Obvious change in wart or mole
- N: Nagging cough or hoarseness
What is the purpose of surgical treatment in cancer care?
Surgical treatment can be used to treat, prophylactic, palliative, or reconstructive.
What are common nursing considerations for external radiation?
- Inspect skin for redness or changes
- Assess for dryness or cracking
- Do not use lotions/ointments/powders/soaps
- Avoid sun exposure
What is the nursing consideration for internal radiation therapy?
Protect visitors and caregivers and prepare the patient for isolation.
What is tumor lysis syndrome?
Develops when cytotoxic therapies cause the destruction of a large number of rapidly dividing malignant cells.
What are the signs and symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome?
- Edema of the face
- Tightness of the shirt collar
- Dyspnea
- Erythema of the upper body
- Swelling of neck and chest veins
What is osteoarthritis?
Progressive deterioration of cartilage and bone in one or more joints.
What are common symptoms of osteoarthritis?
- Unilateral joint pain and tenderness
- Stiffness
- Loss of flexibility
- Crepitus
- Bone spurs
What is the primary treatment for severe osteoarthritis?
Total joint arthroplasty.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
A chronic, progressive, systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting primarily synovial joints.
What are early signs of rheumatoid arthritis?
- Joint inflammation
- Low-grade fever
- Weakness
- Fatigue
What laboratory assessments are used for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis?
- Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
- Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
- Elevated ESR and CRP
What is osteoporosis?
A chronic metabolic disease that causes progressive bone loss.
