Adult Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Add-on therapy for patients > 12 y/o with a history of exacerbations despite Step 4 treatment

A

TIOTROPIUM

・Inhibits M1, M2, M3 receptors

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2
Q

Add-on therapy for patients with high IgE concentrations (Allergic Asthma)

A

OMALIZUMAB
・Anti-IgE
・Inhibits IgE mediated reactions

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3
Q

Add-on therapy for patients > 6 y/o with moderate to severe allergic asthma (high serum IgE) that is uncontrolled on GINA Step 4 treatment

A

Anti-IgE - OMALIZUMAB

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4
Q

Add-on therapy for patients ages > 12 y/o with severe eosinophilic asthma that is uncontrolled on GINA Step 4 treatment

A

SQ Meplizumab or IV Reslizumab

・Anti-IL5

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5
Q

Components for GINA Assessment of Asthma Control

A

1) Daytime symptoms
2) Nightime awakening
3) Reliever
4) Limitation of activity

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6
Q

ASTHMA

A

Airflow obstruction that varies markedly, both spontaneously and with treatment

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7
Q

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness

A

Airway narrows too easily and too much

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8
Q

Major risk factor for asthma

A

ATOPY

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9
Q

Defined as the lack of shift to protective TH1 immune response

A

HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS

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10
Q

Top 3 Indoor Allergens

A

1) House dust mite
2) Cockroaches
3) Animal allergens

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11
Q

Most common trigger of acute, severe exacerbations

A

Upper respiratory tract viral infections

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12
Q

Four Key Events in Asthma

A

Bronchoconstriction
Edema
Airway remodelling
Mucus plug formation

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13
Q

Histological features of an asthmatic airway

A
Denuded mucosa/epithelial denudation
Thickened basement membrane/subepithelial fibrosis
Wall/mucosa edema
Hypertrophied and hyperplastic cells
Inflammatory cells
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14
Q

Goal of Asthma Therapy

A

Treat inflammation (CONTROLLER) and hyperresponsiveness (RELIEVER) to prevent remodelling

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15
Q

Fatal Hyperinflation

A

Air trapping leading to increased CO2; inability to efficiently expel CO2

Hyperinflation can lead to:
・Hypoventilation
・Respiratory acidosis
・Pneumothorax
・Hypotension
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16
Q

PE Findings

A

Often normal but can present with wheezing on auscultation

17
Q

Airflow Limitation Tests

A

Bronchodilator Reversibility Test
Exercise Challenge Test
Bronchoprovocation Test