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[OS 205] 3rd Lecture Exam > Adult and Pediatric Structural Functional Correlates > Flashcards

Adult and Pediatric Structural Functional Correlates Flashcards

1
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Coronary Heart Disease

A

Adult

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2
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Hypertension

A

Adult

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3
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Hyperlipidemia

A

Adult

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4
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Congenital Heart Disease

A

Child

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5
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Kawasaki Disease

A

Chilld

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6
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Cardiomyopathies

A

Both

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7
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Both

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8
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Arrythmias

A

Both

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9
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Grown Up Coronary Heart Defect

A

Both

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10
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Peripheral Vascular Disease

A

Adult

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11
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Stroke

A

Adult

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12
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Rheumatic Fever

A

Child

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13
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Infective Endocarditis

A

Both

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14
Q

What is the number 1 killer in adults?

A

Myocardial Infarction

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15
Q

When does atherosclerosis begin?

A

Childhood

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16
Q

When do cardiovascular diseases start?

A

Childhood

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17
Q

CT Ratio Adult Vs. Children

A

A: <0.55

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18
Q

Heart Rate:

Adult
Newborn
2
4
6
A 
A: 60-100 BPM
N: 110-150 BPM
2: 85-125 BPM
4: 75-115 BPM
6: 60-100 BPM
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19
Q

Usual Pediatric Chest X-Ray Position

A

Supine

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20
Q

[Site of Gas Exchange]

Adult
Fetus

A

Adult: Lungs

Fetus: Placenta

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21
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Oxygenated blood from placenta enters fetus through?

A

Umbilical Vein

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22
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Most of the oxygenated blood bypasses the liver via

A

Ductus Venosus

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23
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Where is pressure higher? Right or Left Atrium?

A

Right Atrium

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24
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Blood bypasses the pulmonary arteries to the aorta via?

A

Ductus Arteriosus

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25
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Deoxygenated blood returns to the placenta via?

A

Umbilcial Arteries

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26
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Portion of blood that passes the foramen ovale and right ventricle?

A

1/3 Foramen Ovale

2/3 Right Ventricle

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27
Q

[Post-Natal Circulation]

Interruption of the umbilical cord leads to?

A

Increase in systemic vascular resistance

Closure of the ductus venosus

28
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Increase in LA pressure leads to?

A

Foramen Ovale Closure

29
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Increase in oxygen tension leads to?

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure

30
Q

Umbilical Vein becomes?

A

Ligamentum Teres

31
Q

Ductus Arteriosus becomes?

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

32
Q

Increased ____ Pressure and Decreased _____ Pressure causes _______ to close and become the ________

A
  1. LA Pressure
  2. RA Pressure
  3. Foramen Ovale
  4. Fossa Ovalis
33
Q

Ductus Venosus becomes?

A

Ligamentum Venosum

34
Q

[Fetal/Perinatal Circulation]

What receives the largest amount of combined ventricular output?

A

Placenta - 55%

Also has the lowest vascular resistance

35
Q

[Fetal/Perinatal Circulation]

Highest pO2 found in?

A

Umbilical Vein

36
Q

Most common major malformation in live births?

A

Congenital Heart Disease

37
Q

[Congenital Heart Disease]

Acyanotic Diseases (2)

A

Left - Right Shunt

Obstructive Lesions

38
Q

[Congenital Heart Disease]

Cyanotic Diseases (3)

A

Right - Left Shunt
Transposition of Great Vessels
Mixing Lesions

39
Q

Common cause of aortic stenosis in odler people?

A

Calcium deposits

Calcific Aortic Stenosis

40
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot (4)

A

Ventricular Septal Defect
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
Overriding Aorta
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

41
Q

Pulmonary Atresia

A

Pulmonary valve does not form properly

Solid sheet of tissue where the valve should be and stays closed, blood cannot go to lugns

42
Q

Ebstein’s Anomaly

A

Leaflets are unusually deep in the right ventricle, larger than normal
Blood may backup to the heart causing fluid buildup

43
Q

Tricuspid Atresia

A

Tricuspid valve is missing/abnormally developed

Defect blocks blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle

44
Q

What is anastomosed in the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig Shunt?

A

Subclavian Artery to Pulmonary Artery, bypassing pulmonary stenosis

45
Q

Right-Left Shunts (4)

Characteristic?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid Atresia
Pulmonary Atresia
Ebstein’s Anomaly

Cyanosis

46
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

Single blood vessel comes out of both the right and left ventricles

47
Q

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

A

All four pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the LA, instead they drain to the RA

With an atrial septal defect

48
Q

[Clinical History]

What should be in symptoms presented

A 
OPQST
Onset
Precipitating/Aggravating Factors
Quality/Character
Severity
Timing
49
Q

[Cardiac Physical Examination]

Inspection should check for (5)

A 
Chest Deformities
Dynamicity of Precordium
Precordial Bulge
Harrison's Groove
PMI
50
Q

[Cardiac Physical Examination]

Palpation should check for (2)

A

Heaves

Thrill

51
Q

How do you palpate for a heave

A

Right hand on patient’s left chest

52
Q

Heave on the Sternum is?

Heave on the Apex is?

A

RV Heave

LV Heave

53
Q

Thrills should be palpated using? What is the lowest grade for a thrill to occur?

A

Fingertips

Grade 4/6

54
Q

[Line from Left Shoulder to Right Hip]

Murmurs above this line is?
Murmurs below this line is?

A

Congenital

Acquired

55
Q

Direction of Auscultation?

A

C Manner

56
Q

Path of Auscultation

A

Infraclavicular -> Parasternal -> Apex -> Axilla -> Back of Right Chest

57
Q

These have Pansystolic Murmurs (3)

A

Mitral Regurgitation
Pulmonic Regurgitation
VSD

58
Q

These have Ejection Murmurs (3)

A

Pulmonic Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
Heart Lesions

59
Q

Give 4 pathologic murmurs

A

Diastolic Murmur
Systolic Regurgitant Murmur
Late Systolic Murmur
Continuous Murmurs

60
Q

When does cyanosis become clinically apparent?

A

O2 Saturation < 85%

61
Q

When is cyanosis always an emergency?

A

First 2 weeks of life

62
Q

Four Shunts of Fetal Circulation

A

Placenta
Ductus Venosus
Foramen Ovale
Ductus Arteriosus

63
Q

[Rise or Fall, After Lung Expansion]

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Pulmonary Blood Flow
Pulmonary Artery Pressure

A
  1. Decrease
  2. Increase
  3. Decrease
64
Q

[Degrees of Hypertension]

Mild
Moderate
Severe

A

95th Percentile +

  1. 10mmHg
  2. 10-20mmHg
  3. > 20mmHg
65
Q

% of Innocent Murmurs in Newborns?

A

50% of Full Term in 1st Week of Life

66
Q

[Vibratory or Still’s Murmur]

Age range
Cause

A

Children 2-7 years old
May be due to small ascending aorta
Loudest in 3rd ICS

67
Q

BP of lower ex should be ____ than upper ex

What happens if it’s not?

A

Should be > by 10mmHg

Coarctation of the aorta if it’s not

[OS 205] 3rd Lecture Exam (6 decks)

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