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[OS 205] 3rd Lecture Exam > Adult and Pediatric Structural Functional Correlates > Flashcards

Adult and Pediatric Structural Functional Correlates Flashcards

1
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Coronary Heart Disease

A

Adult

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2
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Hypertension

A

Adult

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3
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Hyperlipidemia

A

Adult

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4
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Congenital Heart Disease

A

Child

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5
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Kawasaki Disease

A

Chilld

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6
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Cardiomyopathies

A

Both

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7
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Both

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8
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Arrythmias

A

Both

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9
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Grown Up Coronary Heart Defect

A

Both

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10
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Peripheral Vascular Disease

A

Adult

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11
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Stroke

A

Adult

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12
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Rheumatic Fever

A

Child

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13
Q

[Adult, Pediatric, or Both?]

Infective Endocarditis

A

Both

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14
Q

What is the number 1 killer in adults?

A

Myocardial Infarction

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15
Q

When does atherosclerosis begin?

A

Childhood

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16
Q

When do cardiovascular diseases start?

A

Childhood

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17
Q

CT Ratio Adult Vs. Children

A

A: <0.55

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18
Q

Heart Rate:

Adult
Newborn
2
4
6
A 
A: 60-100 BPM
N: 110-150 BPM
2: 85-125 BPM
4: 75-115 BPM
6: 60-100 BPM
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19
Q

Usual Pediatric Chest X-Ray Position

A

Supine

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20
Q

[Site of Gas Exchange]

Adult
Fetus

A

Adult: Lungs

Fetus: Placenta

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21
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Oxygenated blood from placenta enters fetus through?

A

Umbilical Vein

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22
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Most of the oxygenated blood bypasses the liver via

A

Ductus Venosus

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23
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Where is pressure higher? Right or Left Atrium?

A

Right Atrium

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24
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Blood bypasses the pulmonary arteries to the aorta via?

A

Ductus Arteriosus

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25
[Fetal Circulation] Deoxygenated blood returns to the placenta via?
Umbilcial Arteries
26
[Fetal Circulation] Portion of blood that passes the foramen ovale and right ventricle?
1/3 Foramen Ovale | 2/3 Right Ventricle
27
[Post-Natal Circulation] Interruption of the umbilical cord leads to?
Increase in systemic vascular resistance | Closure of the ductus venosus
28
[Fetal Circulation] Increase in LA pressure leads to?
Foramen Ovale Closure
29
[Fetal Circulation] Increase in oxygen tension leads to?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure
30
Umbilical Vein becomes?
Ligamentum Teres
31
Ductus Arteriosus becomes?
Ligamentum Arteriosum
32
Increased ____ Pressure and Decreased _____ Pressure causes _______ to close and become the ________
1. LA Pressure 2. RA Pressure 3. Foramen Ovale 4. Fossa Ovalis
33
Ductus Venosus becomes?
Ligamentum Venosum
34
[Fetal/Perinatal Circulation] What receives the largest amount of combined ventricular output?
Placenta - 55% Also has the lowest vascular resistance
35
[Fetal/Perinatal Circulation] Highest pO2 found in?
Umbilical Vein
36
Most common major malformation in live births?
Congenital Heart Disease
37
[Congenital Heart Disease] Acyanotic Diseases (2)
Left - Right Shunt | Obstructive Lesions
38
[Congenital Heart Disease] Cyanotic Diseases (3)
Right - Left Shunt Transposition of Great Vessels Mixing Lesions
39
Common cause of aortic stenosis in odler people?
Calcium deposits Calcific Aortic Stenosis
40
Tetralogy of Fallot (4)
Ventricular Septal Defect Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Overriding Aorta Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
41
Pulmonary Atresia
Pulmonary valve does not form properly | Solid sheet of tissue where the valve should be and stays closed, blood cannot go to lugns
42
Ebstein's Anomaly
Leaflets are unusually deep in the right ventricle, larger than normal Blood may backup to the heart causing fluid buildup
43
Tricuspid Atresia
Tricuspid valve is missing/abnormally developed | Defect blocks blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle
44
What is anastomosed in the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig Shunt?
Subclavian Artery to Pulmonary Artery, bypassing pulmonary stenosis
45
Right-Left Shunts (4) Characteristic?
Tetralogy of Fallot Tricuspid Atresia Pulmonary Atresia Ebstein's Anomaly Cyanosis
46
Truncus Arteriosus
Single blood vessel comes out of both the right and left ventricles
47
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
All four pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the LA, instead they drain to the RA With an atrial septal defect
48
[Clinical History] What should be in symptoms presented
``` OPQST Onset Precipitating/Aggravating Factors Quality/Character Severity Timing ```
49
[Cardiac Physical Examination] Inspection should check for (5)
``` Chest Deformities Dynamicity of Precordium Precordial Bulge Harrison's Groove PMI ```
50
[Cardiac Physical Examination] Palpation should check for (2)
Heaves | Thrill
51
How do you palpate for a heave
Right hand on patient's left chest
52
Heave on the Sternum is? | Heave on the Apex is?
RV Heave | LV Heave
53
Thrills should be palpated using? What is the lowest grade for a thrill to occur?
Fingertips | Grade 4/6
54
[Line from Left Shoulder to Right Hip] Murmurs above this line is? Murmurs below this line is?
Congenital | Acquired
55
Direction of Auscultation?
C Manner
56
Path of Auscultation
Infraclavicular -> Parasternal -> Apex -> Axilla -> Back of Right Chest
57
These have Pansystolic Murmurs (3)
Mitral Regurgitation Pulmonic Regurgitation VSD
58
These have Ejection Murmurs (3)
Pulmonic Stenosis Aortic Stenosis Heart Lesions
59
Give 4 pathologic murmurs
Diastolic Murmur Systolic Regurgitant Murmur Late Systolic Murmur Continuous Murmurs
60
When does cyanosis become clinically apparent?
O2 Saturation < 85%
61
When is cyanosis always an emergency?
First 2 weeks of life
62
Four Shunts of Fetal Circulation
Placenta Ductus Venosus Foramen Ovale Ductus Arteriosus
63
[Rise or Fall, After Lung Expansion] Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Pulmonary Blood Flow Pulmonary Artery Pressure
1. Decrease 2. Increase 3. Decrease
64
[Degrees of Hypertension] Mild Moderate Severe
95th Percentile + 1. 10mmHg 2. 10-20mmHg 3. >20mmHg
65
% of Innocent Murmurs in Newborns?
50% of Full Term in 1st Week of Life
66
[Vibratory or Still's Murmur] Age range Cause
Children 2-7 years old May be due to small ascending aorta Loudest in 3rd ICS
67
BP of lower ex should be ____ than upper ex What happens if it's not?
Should be > by 10mmHg Coarctation of the aorta if it's not

[OS 205] 3rd Lecture Exam (6 decks)

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