Adult Flashcards
Gustilo classification
Type I -An open fracture with a wound which is clean and less than a centimetre long Type II -An open fracture with a wound which is more than one cm long but not associated with extensive soft tissue damage, avulsions or flaps Type IIIA -An open fracture where there is adequate soft tissue coverage of bone in spite of i. extensive soft tissue damage, lacerations or flaps ii. high energy trauma irrespective of wound site Type IIIB -An open fracture with extensive soft tissue loss with periosteal stripping and exposure of bone Type IIIC -An open fracture associated with an arterial injury which requires repair
Tile’s classification
pelvic ring disruption Type A – Stable A1 fracture of pelvis not involving ring A2 Stable, minimally displaced fractures of the ring Type B – rotationally unstable, vertically stable B1 open book B2 lateral compression, ipsilateral B2 lateral compression, contralateral Type C – rotationally and vertically unstable C1 rotationally and vertically unstable C2 bilateral C3 involving acetabulum
Pipkin classification
femoral head fractures Type I Fracture below the ligamentum teres Type II Fracture above the ligamentum teres Type III Either of these with associated femoral neck fracture Type IV Either Type I or Type II with associated acetabular fracture
Pauwel’s classification
This is based on the angle of the fracture plane with the horizontal Type I -less than 30 degrees Type II -31-50 degrees Type III -more than 51 degrees The more vertical the fracture line the higher the shear forces in the femoral neck
Schatzker classification
Type 1 Split fracture of lateral tibial plateau without depression, which occurs in young adults with strong cancellous bone Type 2 Split depressed fracture of lateral tibial plateau, which occurs in older patients with weaker subchondral bone Type 3 Isolated depression of the lateral tibial plateau – die punch fracture (Lateral and posterior depressions are usually more unstable than central depression) Type 4 Medial plateau fracture (Commonly associated with popliteal artery injuries) Type 5 Bicondylar plateau fractures Type 6 Bicondylar plateau fracture with diaphyseal metaphyseal dissociation
Rockwood classification
Type I Strain of AC joint Type II AC joint ligament rupture Intact conoid and trapezoid ligaments Type III AC joint ligament rupture Complete dissociation secondary to disruption of conoid and trapezoid ligaments Type IV Posterior dislocation of the distal end of the clavicle Type V Markedly more severe version of type III In addition to disruption of AC and conoid and trapezoid ligaments the distal clavicle is stripped of all soft tissue attachments and lies subcutaneously in the base of the neck. Type VI Inferior dislocation of the distal clavicle
Bryan and Morrey classification
capitellum fractures Type 1 -fracture in coronal plane which separates the entire capitellum from the distal humerus Type 2 -fracture which separates off a subchondral fragment resulting in a piece with cartilage and subchondral bone Type 3 -comminuted capitellar fragment
Anderson and D’Alonzo Classification
Type I Involves the tip of the peg. Type II Junction of the odontoid peg with the body Type III The fracture line runs deeply into the body of C2
Wiltse classification
i. Congenital a. Dysplastic posterior elements and articular processes at the level of slippage, frequently associated with spina bifida b. Dysplastic articular processes with sagittal orientation of the facet joints resulting in instability primarily at L5-S1 c. Other congenital anomalies, such as congenital kyphosis, that produce slippage ii. Isthmic a. Lytic, presumed to be a stress fracture of the pars b. Elongated but intact pars interarticularis secondary to a healed type ii.a. iii. Degenerative iv. Post-traumatic: acute fracture and or ligamentous injury in an area other than the pars interarticularis that results in spondylolisthesis v. Pathologic: generalized or localized bone disease that produces degeneration of posterior elements and allows slippage of one vertebra on another vi. Postsurgical: result of partial or complete loss of posterior elements secondary to surgery
Classification of heterotopic ossification
Brooker I Islands of bone within soft tissues II Bone spurs from the proximal femur or pelvis with at least 1cm between opposing bone surfaces III Bone spurs from the proximal femur or pelvis with less than 1cm between opposing bone surfaces IV Anklyosis
Sillence classification
osteogenesis imperfecta I Mild form Blue sclerae, normal teeth (Sillence type IA) or dentinogenesis imperfecta (Sillence subtype IB), mild bone fragility, fractures after walking, minimal deformity AD, spontaneous II Lethal perinatal Blue sclerae, stillborn or neonatal death, numerous intra-uterine fractures, crumpled long bones, severe deformity AR, spontaneous, mosaicism III Severe deforming Normal sclerae, dentinogenesis imperfecta, often fractures at birth, frequent fractures, frequent deformity, short stature, spine deformity AR, spontaneous, mosaicism IV Intermediate form Normal sclerae, normal teeth (Sillence subtype IVA) or dentinogenesis imperfecta (Sillence subtype IVB), moderate bone fragility, moderate deformity, short stature, phenotypic variability AD
Outerbridge Classification
Used to arthroscopically grade chondral lesions of the knee
First described for macroscopic changes of the patella, now modified to describe arthroscopic changes in articular cartilage
- GRADE 1 SOFTENING / SWELLING
- GRADE 2 PARTIAL THICKNESS CHONDRAL LOSS
- GRADE 3 FULL THICKNESS CHONDRAL LOSS
- GRADE 4 EROSION TO SUBCHONDRAL BONE
