Adrenocorticosteroids

Question 1

Classification of the adrenocorticosteroids?

Glucocorticosteroids and mineral corticoids are in this group

Answer 1

CORTICOSTEROIDS:

1. Glucosteroid for systemic use
2. inhalted Glucocorticoids
3. Topical Glucocorticoids
   Class I – low strength glucocorticoids

Class II – intermediate strength glucocorticoids

Class III – high strength glucocorticoids

Class IV – very high strength glucocorticoids

Question 2

Functions of the of the corticosteroids?

Answer 2

The main function of the glucocorticoids is to maintain glucose concentration in stressful situations.

1. Promote normal intermediary metabolism : Corticosteroids function to increase the blood glucose concentration by increasing rate of lipolysis and stimulating protein catabolism, hence providing the building blocks and energy needed for gluconeogenesis.
2. Increase resistance : Elevated glucose levels to counteract the effects of shock, trauma and bleeding.
3. Altered blood cells in the plasma: Corticosteroids increase the concentrations of haemoglobin, platelets and erythrocytes. It also reduces the levels of eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes.
4. Anti-inflammatory effect: Stabilisation of mast cell membranes which reduces histamine release, Inhibition of phospholipase A2, inhibiting the ability of leukocytes/macrophages to respond to antigens.
5. Affect on other systems: Regulation of a normal glomerular filtration, suppression/feedback inhibitor of the release of ACTH (Adrenal gland and to inhibit the synthesis of further glucocorticoids hormone and TSH.

Question 3

Function of the mineralcorticoids?

Answer 3

Regulation of “Fluid control” regulating the levels of sodium and potassium. “Aldosterone” functions to increase reabsorption of sodium at the DCT. Howver potassium is not reabsorbed at the DCT and is lost within the urine.

Elevated aldosterone levels may cause alkalosis and hypokalemia, retention of sodium and water, and increased blood volume and blood pressure.

Question 4

Therapeutic uses for the corticosteroids?

Answer 4

1. Replacement therapy for primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison disease) 2. Replacement therapy for secondary or tertiary adrenocortical insufficiency
2. Diagnosis of Cushing syndrome
3. Replacement therapy for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
4. Relief of inflammatory symptoms 6. Treatment of allergies
5. Acceleration of lung maturation