Adreneric Agonists - Sympathomimetics Flashcards
Organs Affected & Effect- CNS
Eyes- dilated pupils; increased IOP Lungs- dilated bronchioles HR- increased Blood vessels- constricted Blood Pressure- increased GI- relaxed/decreased gastric secretions/motility Bladder- relaxed/decreased urination Uterus- relaxed/decreased contractions Liver- releases glucose; increased GGL
Epinephrine- mechanism of action
Activates the sympathetic nervous system
increased BP/HR; promotes bronchodilation
Remember: Beta 1: 1 heart- beta 1 affects the heart
Beta 2: 2 lungs- beta 2 affects the lungs
Epinephrine- Indications (for Adrenergic Agonists)
asthma & bronchospasm
severe hypotension, cardiac arrest
allergic reaction, ANAPHYLAXIS
nasal congestion
Epinephrine (for Adrenergic Agonists)- S.E.
GI disturbances sweating HA insomnia dizziness agitation anxiety
Epinephrine- for Adrenergic Agonist
Adverse Reactions:
hyperglycemia palms tachycardia HTN necrosis of IV (out of vein)
Epinephrine- for Adrenergic Agonist
Contraindications
tachycardia
glaucoma
labor
Epinephrine- for Adrenergic Agonist
Caution:
HTN
BPN
DM
Epinephrine- for Adrenergic Agonist
Interactions:
MAOIs
Tricyclic Antidepressants
digoxin
lab: increased BGL
Albuterol- for Adrenergic Agonist
Mechanism of Action:
Selective to Beta 2 adrenergic receptors
Relaxes smooth muscle- promotes bronchodilation
Albuterol- for Adrenergic Agonist
Indications:
bronchospasm
asthma
COPD
bronchitis
Albuterol- for Adrenergic Agonist
S.E.:
tremors nervousness insomnia GI upset sweating
Albuterol- for Adrenergic Agonist
Adverse Reactions:
HTN
tachycardia
palps
hyperglycemia
Albuterol- for Adrenergic Agonist
Contraindications:
allergy
Albuterol- for Adrenergic Agonist
Caution:
Cardiac problems HTN hyperthyroidism diabetes renal dysfunction
Albuterol- for Adrenergic Agonist
Interactions:
Others drugs that increase BP/HR
antagonist effect w/ other drugs that lower BP/HR
Lab: may increase glucose levels
Nursing Process: Adrenergic Agonists (ex: epinephrine; albuterol)
Assessment:
Baseline V.S. - prior to admin drugs
take med hx- include current meds, why are they on these meds?
What sis is pt having?
baseline BGL- these meds can increase BGL
listen to lung sounds
Nursing Process: Adrenergic Agonists (ex: epinephrine; albuterol)
Interventions:
Monitor BP/HR
Monitor Urine output
IVP admin of Epinephrine: push SLOWLY (unless pt is in cardiac arrest); monitor IV site
monitor BGL
If pt’s HR is steadily running > 100: report tachycardia
Urine output: drug can affect kidneys d/t vasoconstriction
Pt needs to be on cardiac monitor- monitor HR
Albuterol/epinephrine: can give w/ food
Monitor BGL- especially diabetic pt
Nursing Process: Adrenergic Agonists (ex: epinephrine; albuterol)
Pt Teaching:
Be sure pt understands how to use the drugs.
Avoid breastfeeding while taking these drugs.
Take only as directed.
Only take nasal sprays for few days- d/t rebound effect.
Teach s.e./adverse reactions: pt to report significant elevated BP/HR
Do NOT take cold meds or diet pills when on adrenergics.
