adrenergic pharmacology Flashcards
what are the three catecholamines?
dopamine
noradrenaline
adrenaline
what is dopamine the precursor of?
adrenaline and noradrenaline!
What type of receptor are the adrenoceptors?
GPCRs
what are the actions of alpha 1 receptors?
contracts smooth muscle eg pupil and blood vessels - as alpha are excitatory mainly
what are the actions of alpha 2 receptors?
mixed effects on smooth muscle
what does stimulation of Beta 1 receptors do and where are they found?
Chronotropic and inotropic effects on HEART heart, intestine, smooth muscle - inhibitory except in the heart
where are beta 2 receptors found and what are their actions?
bronchial, vascular,
uterine smooth muscle - inhibits contraction, as beta receptors are inhibitory mainly
what do beta 3 receptors result in?
Enhances lipolysis,
relaxes bladder
detrusor (so agonists can help to treat overactive bladder)
What medically-usable effects do alpha 1 agonists have?
vasoconstriction to treat septic shock nasal decongestion (by constriction of vessels in the nose)
what medically usable effect does an alpha 2 agonists have
clonidine - lowers BP
What do alpha 1 blockers do?
doxazosin - reduces BP
tamsulosin - helps urination in benign prostatic hypertrophy
are there any useful alpha 2 blockers?
no
what are beta 1 agonists used for?
increasing heart rate and force of contraction
What are beta 2 agonists used for?
bronchodilation and delays onset of premature labour
what can beta 3 agonists be used for
treating overactive bladder
What are beta blockers used for and give some examples?
proanolol, atenolol, bisoprolol and metoprolol - reduce BP, reduce cardiac work and treat arrhythmias angina MI prevention high BP anxiety arrythmias heart failure
what is one of the main problems with beta blockers?
broncocontriction in asthma and COPD
what are the side effects of beta blockers?
tiredness cold extremities bronchocontriction bradycardia hypoglycaemia cardiac depression
name a drug that blocks NA synthesis and what is it used for?
methyldopa - used (as a last resort) to treat high BP and so can be used in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
How do MAOIs work and what are they used for?
prevent the breakdown of dopamine/noradrenaline and so are used to treat depression
