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PHAR2005 Term 1 > Adrenergic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Adrenergic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘Adrenergic’.

A

Relating to nervous system cells involving neurotransmitters (i.e. adrenaline or noradrenaline)

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2
Q

List the points of sympathetic outflow.

A
  • Short pre-ganglionic axons
  • Long post-ganglionic axons
  • Adrenal medulla
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3
Q

What is released by the post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals?

A

Noradrenaline, ATP and sometimes other co-transmitters such as NPY

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4
Q

What is transferred to the sweat glands?

A

ACh

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5
Q 
What are the effects of beta(1) -
 and beta(2) - adrenoceptors?
A

beta(1) - stimulatory and innervated

beta(2) - inhibitory; non-innervated; circulating adrenaline

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6
Q

Where are innervated beta-adrenoceptors found?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Juxtaglomerular apparatus - release of renin
  3. Adipose Tissue Brown; lipolysis
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7
Q

Where are non-innervated beta-adrenoceptors found?

A
  1. Bronchial Smooth Muscle
    (i. e. in the treatment of asthma)
  2. Uterine Smooth Muscle
    (i. e. treatment of premature labour)

3.Skeletal muscle vasculature

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8
Q

Describe the main metabolic effects of activation adrenoceptors.

A

beta(2) - adrenoceptor activates adenylate cyclase (AC)

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9
Q

Describe the adrenoceptor-related process involved in the liver, muscles, pancreas and adipocytes

A

Liver: glycogenolysis
(glycogen –> glucose)
alpha-1 release of K+ (hyperkalaemia)

Muscle: hyperlactic acidaemia
(glycogen –> lactic acid)
+ activation of Na+/K+ ATPase
decreased Blood K+ (hypokalaemia)

Pancreas: insulin release;
alpha-2 (-ve); beta-3?

Adipocytes: lipolysis;
FFA; beta-3

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10
Q

What are the subdivisions of alpha-adrenoceptors?

A

alpha-1 - post-junctional/synaptic (heteroreceptor)

alpha-2 - pre-junctional/synaptic (autoreceptors)

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11
Q

What kind of feedback is related to alpha-2 and beta-2?

A

alpha-2 - negative feedback

beta-2 - positive feedback

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12
Q

Which adrenoceptors is adrenaline selective for?

A

alpha-1
alpha-2
beta-1
beta-2

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13
Q

Which adrenoceptors is noradrenaline selective for?

A

alpha-1
alpha-2
beta-1

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14
Q

Which adrenoceptors is isoprenaline selective for?

A

beta-1

beta-2

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15
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the heart?

A

beta-1 - increase force and rate

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16
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the blood vessels?

A

alpha-1 - constrict
alpha-2 - constrict
beta-2 - dilate

17
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the bronchi?

A

beta-2 - dilate

18
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the GI tract (motility and tone)?

A

alpha-1 - decrease
alpha-2 - decrease
beta-2 - decrease

19
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the uterine smooth?

A

beta-2 - relax

20
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the bladder detrusor?

A

beta-2 - relax (beta-3)

21
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the bladder sphincter?

A

alpha-1 - contract

22
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the eye (radial muscle)?

A

alpha-1 - contract

23
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the skeletal muscle?

A

beta-2 - tremor

24
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the kidney?

A

beta-1 - renin release

25
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the liver?

A

alpha-1 - glycogenolysis (minor)

beta-2 - glycogenolysis

26
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the fat cells?

A

beta-1 - lipolysis (beta-3)

27
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the mast cells?

A

beta-2 - inhibition of histamine release

28
Q

What are the effects of adrenoceptors on the platelets?

A

beta-2 - aggregation

29
Q

Give an example of a clinical effect of an alpha(1) - adrenoceptor agonists

A

Phenylephrine, used as nasal congestant

30
Q

What are the clinical effects of adrenaline?

A 
BP - effet depends on dose
Skeletal muscle - tremor
Uterine smooth muscle - relax
Mast Cell - "stabilisation"
Bronchial smooth muscle - relax
CNS effects - foreboding
31
Q

Give some examples of clinical uses of adrenaline.

A
  • Anaphylactic shock - “physiological antagonism”
  • Glaucoma
  • Cardiac arrest (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
  • prolongation of the action of local anaesthetics
32
Q

Adrenaline use in anaphylactic reactions

A

** CHECK RANG AND DALE **

PHAR2005 Term 1 (10 decks)

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