adrenal pharamchology Flashcards
The medulla secretes _________, whereas the cortex secretes_____________&________&__________.
.
catecholamines
glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens
The outer zona glomerulosa: Produces mainly
.
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) regulate
salt and water metabolism.
Production of aldosterone is regulated primarily by
the renin–angiotensin system.
The middle zona fasciculata produce mainly
Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Involved with metabolism and response to stress.
The inner zona reticularis secretes
adrenal androgens
The inner zona reticularis is controlled by
ACTH
ACTH is released in response to hypothalamic ________
CRH.
Glucocorticoids serve as feedback inhibitors of ____&____
ACTH and
CRH secretion
Glucocorticoids can be administered:
IM, SC, topical (skin, ophthalmic,
otic, rectal..etc), inhalation, oral .
Glucocorticoid agents with the__________ half-life tend to be the_______:
longest, most potent
Short-acting agents (GLUCOCORTICOID Agents) example & how long of acting
cortisol are active for 1–12 hours
Intermediate-acting agents (GLUCOCORTICOID Agents) example & how long of acting
prednisolone are active for 12–36 hours
Long-acting agents (GLUCOCORTICOID Agents) example & how long of acting
dexamethasone are active for 36–55 hours
relations between duration and potency to anti-inflammatory effect and mineralocorticoids
if duration increase the potency increase to inflammatory effect but decrease to mineralocorticoid effect
the more potent drug need _______ to achieve the same effect of the lower potent drug
low dose
the different ways to administrated the same drug can affect the potency of drug ,how ?
for example, dexamethasone is very potent if we take it orally but if we take it topically it will lose it is potency
how do we take corticosteroid drug?
1-Drug administration attempts to pattern the circadian rhythm: A double
the dose is given in the morning, and a single dose is given in the afternoon
2-Alternate-day therapy
3- even stopping the drug that has long-acting should not be abruptly
Alternate-day therapy to corticosteroid is necessary why ?
causing less severe suppression of the adrenal-hypothalamic-
pituitary axis.