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Endocrine > Adrenal Glands > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 layers of the adrenal glands?

A

Capsule
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasculata
Zona reticularis
Adrenal medulla

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2
Q

What does the Zona glomerulosa secrete?

A

Mineralocorticoids
Eg. Aldosterone

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3
Q

What does the Zona fasciculata secrete?

A

Glucocorticoids
Eg. Cortisol

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4
Q

What does the Zona reticularis secrete?

A

Androgens

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5
Q

What does the RAAS system regulate?

A

Blood pressue

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6
Q

What are the 3 hormones involved in the RAAS system?

A

Renin
Angiotensin
Aldosterone

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7
Q

What do macula densa cells detect?

A

Low sodium ion concentration

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8
Q

What do baroreceptors detect?

A

A drop in blood pressure

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9
Q

What is the function of juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Secrete renin

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10
Q

Where does renin act and what does it do?

A

Acts on liver cells to convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

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11
Q

Where and what converts angiotensin 1 -> angiotensin 2?

A

In the lungs ACE converts angiotensin 1 -> angiotensin 2

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12
Q

What are 4 effects of angiotensin 2?

A

Aldosterone production
Stimulates ADH release
Arterial vasoconstriction
Degrades bradykinin

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13
Q

Where is ADH secreted from?

A

Posterior pituitary

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14
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

Increase in reabsorption of H20
Therefore increase blood volume
Therefore increase blood pressure

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15
Q

What is the function of aldosterone?

A

Increases Na+ reabsorption
Therefore increase in blood pressure

Increases K excretion
-> more K urinated out

Acts on distal tubules and collecting ducts

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16
Q

How does arterial vasoconstriction increase blood pressure?

A

More narrow = more hydrostatic pressure

17
Q

How does the decrease of bradykinin increase blood pressure?

A

Bradykinin secretes NO
NO is a vasodilator
ACE degrades bradykinin
Less vasodilation so more vasoconstriction

18
Q

What is the effect of cortisol on glucose?

A

Stimulates;
- gluconeogenesis
- hepatic glycogen synthesis
- inhibit peripheral glucose uptake

19
Q

What is the effect of cortisol on lipids?

A
  • increase appetite
  • fat deposition
20
Q

What is the effect of cortisol on proteins?

A
  • increased protein breakdown
  • decreased protein production
21
Q

What is the effect of cortisol on ions?

A
  • increased sodium retention
  • increased potassium loss
  • anti inflammatory effects
22
Q

How do glucocorticoids affect stress resistance?

A

Make blood vessels more sensitive to vasoconstriction hormones, raising blood pressure

23
Q

How do glucocorticoids affect immunity?

A

High doses of glucocorticoids suppress immune response

24
Q

Function of androgens in females?

A

Promote libido and are converted to estrogens by other body tissues

25
Q

Function of aldosterone in post menopausal females?

A

When ovarian secretion of estrogens ceases, all female estrogens come from conversion of adrenal androgens

26
Q

Functions of androgens in pre puberty boys and girls?

A

Stimulate growth of axillary and pubic hair and contribute to prepubertal growth spurt

27
Q

What is the main purpose of the medulla?

A

Produce catecholamines

28
Q

What are 2 examples of catecholamines?

A

Noradrenaline and adrenaline

29
Q

What is the function of catecholamines?

A

Prepare the body for sympathetic fight or flight response

30
Q

How do catecholamines prepare the body for fight or flight?

A

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Breakdown of fate to fatty acids
Increase rate and force of cardiac muscle contraction

31
Q

What type of receptors do adrenaline bind to?

A

GPCR

32
Q

What pathology is associated with the hypersecretion of cortisol?

A

Cushings

33
Q

What is the pathology associated with undersecretion of cortisol?

A

Addisons

Endocrine (3 decks)

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