Adrenal Glands

Question 1

Describe site of adrenal glands

Answer 1

-At the upper pole of each kidney opposite vertebral end of 11th intercostal space (left) and 12 rib (right)
-Left gland is higher and larger than right & it reaches nearer to hilum of kidney

Question 2

Compare the 2 adrenal glands with respect shape & relations

Answer 2

Rt: pyramidal/smaller, ant related to IVC, liver & peritoneum of greater sac
Lt: semilunar /larger, ant related to stomach, pancreas, splenic art, peritoneum of lesser sac
Both are related posteriorly to diaphragm & inf to corresponding kidney

Question 3

Describe blood supply of adrenal gland

Answer 3

Art: sup suprarenal art from inf phrenic art, middle sup art from abdominal aorta, inf sup art from renal art
Ven: right suprarenal v. to IVC, left suprarenal v. to left renal vein

Question 4

Describe lymph drainage & nervous supply of suprarenal glands

Answer 4

LD: lateral aortic LNs
NS: each gland is supplied by preganglionic sympathetic fibers from splanchnic nerves reaching medulla via the celiac & renal plexuses. Modified sympathetic galnglion.

Question 5

Development of adrenal gland is during…..
Mention its embryonic origin

Answer 5

6th week
Cortex develops from mesoderm lining post abdominal wall between the dorsal mesentry & developing gonad on each side
Medulla derived from neuroectoderm (neural crest cells)

Question 6

Fetal cortex regresses during……., while zone…….is not found at birth.

Answer 6

1st year
Reticularis

Question 7

Mention an adrenal congenital anomly

Answer 7

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or adrenogenital syndrome due to gene mutations (AR) —hypertrophy of adrenal cortex —inc androgens.