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BIOS4001 - Endocrine System > Adrenal Gland > Flashcards

Adrenal Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

located above kidneys

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2
Q

What is the structure of the adrenal glands?

A
  • paired glands
  • outer cortex surrounds inner medulla
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3
Q

What does the adrenal medulla do?

A

synthesis & secretion of catecholamines
- adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex?

A
  • zona glomerulosa
  • zona fasciculata
  • zona retiscularis
    (steroid hormones)
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5
Q

What are the steroid hormones (zona…) made from?

A

cholesterol

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6
Q

What does zona glomerulosa promote?

A
  • K+ excretion
  • Na+ reabsorption
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7
Q

What does zona glomerulosa stimulate?

A

Na+/K+ ATPase activity

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8
Q

What is zona glomerulosa synthesised and secreted in response to?

A
  • high blood K+
  • low blood pressure
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9
Q

What does zona fasciculata secrete in response to?

A

stress (inc exercise)

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10
Q

What are the actions of zona fasciculata?

A
  • stress hormone
  • catabolic hormone
  • anti-inflammatory
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11
Q

What does zona fasciculata stimulate?

A

stimulates glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis

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12
Q

What does zona fasciculata inhibit?

A

inhibits activities of phagocytic cells, mast cells & white blood cells

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13
Q

What are the abnormalities of glucocorticoid secretion?

A
  • Addison’s disease
  • Cushing’s syndrome
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14
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

Glucocorticoid deficiency

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15
Q

What is Addison’s disease caused by?

A
  • abnormal formation of adrenal gland
  • impaired steroid biosynthesis (unable to metabolise steroid)
  • destruction of adrenal gland
  • rapid withdrawal of glucocorticoid treatment
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16
Q

What are the symptons of Addison’s disease?

A
  • abnormal skin pigmentation
  • fatigue
  • weight loss
  • low blood pressure
  • hypoglycaemia
17
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome?

A

glucocorticoid excess

18
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome caused by?

A
  • adrenal tumour: produce excess glucocorticoids
  • pituitary tumour: produce excess ACTH
  • excess clinical use of glucocorticoids
19
Q

What are the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome?

A
  • high blood pressure
  • type 2 diabetes
  • mobilisation & redistribution of fat
  • muscle weakness, loss of muscle protein
  • osteoporosis (weak, brittle bones)
20
Q

What type of steriod hormone does zona reticularis produce?

A

sex steroid hormones
- esp androgen

21
Q

What does zona reticularis do?

A
  • produce sex steroids at puberty
  • responsible for early secondary sexual characteristics
22
Q

What are the abnormalties in androgen secretion?

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

BIOS4001 - Endocrine System (6 decks)

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