Adrenal Disorders (Addisons, Cushings, Pheochromocytoma) Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormones are released by the adrenal medulla?

A

Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

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2
Q

Which hormones are released by the adrenal cortex?

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), and sex steroids (testerone)

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3
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome is usually caused by

A

Longterm use of oral systemic steroids

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4
Q

A patient with Cushing’s Syndrome has ______ cortisol levels

A

Increased

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5
Q

A patient with Cushing’s Syndrome has ______ aldosterone levels

A

Increased

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6
Q

A patient with Cushing’s Syndrome has ______ sodium levels

A

Increased

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7
Q

A patient with Cushing’s Syndrome has ______ potassium levels

A

Decreased

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8
Q

Diet recommendations for patient with Cushing’s Syndrome

A

Increased protein and potassium; decreased calories and sodium

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9
Q

A patient with Addison’s Disease has _______ potassium levels

A

Increased

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10
Q

A patient with Addison’s Disease has _______ sodium levels

A

Decreased

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11
Q

A patient with Addison’s Disease has _______ blood pressure

A

Low

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12
Q

A patient with Addison’s Disease has _______ cortisol levels

A

Decreased

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13
Q

A patient with Addison’s Disease has _______ aldosterone levels

A

Decreased

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14
Q

ACTH is released by the _______

A

anterior pituitary

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15
Q

ACTH targets the __________

A

adrenal cortex

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16
Q

Treatment for Addison’s Disease

A

Hormone replacement therapy:
Daily hydrocortisone; 2/3 on awakening; 1/3 late afternoon
Daily fludrocortisone (Florinef) in am
Salt additives for heat/humidity
(Increased doses when stressed)

17
Q

3 x 3 rule for hormone replacement therapy dosing

A

3 times the normal dose for 3 days when stressed

18
Q

What is an Addisonian Crisis?

A

ACUTE adrenal insufficiency

19
Q

Treatment for Addisonian Crisis

A

IV hydrocortisone, saline, and dextrose

20
Q

An Addison’s Disease emergency kit contains . . .

A

hydrocortisone 100 mg IM injection, syringes, and instructions

21
Q

Nursing care during Addisonian Crisis

A

Frequent vital signs and stress free environment

22
Q

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor on the _______

A

adrenal medulla

23
Q

How is the pheochromocytoma diagnosed?

A

Elevated (24-hr) urine and plasma catecholamines

24
Q

Symptoms of pheochromocytoma

A

Intractable high BP, palpitations, headache, and episodic sweating

25
Q

Treatment for phreochromocytoma

A

Remove the tumor