Adrenal Cortex hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus —> adrenal cortex

A
  1. Stress stimulates PVN of hypothalamus to secrete CRF
  2. Corticotrophs in anterior pituitary: POMC –> ACTH
  3. ACTH targets adrenal corex (ZF and ZR)
  4. Stimulates synthesis of glucocorticoids & androgens

*MAIN: cortisol

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2
Q

Importance of cortisol

A
  1. Increase blood glucose levels

gluconeogenesis, FA oxidation, glycogenolysis

  1. Stimulate adrogen synthesis in peripheral tissues
  2. Negative feedback: Long-loop
  3. Can also stimulate mineralocorticoid: aldosterone receptor to synergize/mimic effect to regulate BP
  4. Diurnal rhythm *peak at 8AM
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3
Q

Adrenal gland components

A

Adrenal medulla: derived from ectoderm, made of nervous tissue

fast-acting response: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Adrenal cortex: derived from mesoderm

long-lasting response: hormonal (cortisol, DHEA, aldosterone)

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4
Q

21α hydroxylase deficiency (4)

A
  1. build up of progesterone and 17 hydroxyprogesterone
  2. shunt towards androgen synthesis
  3. *no cortisol produced = no negative feedback

no aldosterone either

  1. high levels of ACTH
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5
Q

11ß hydroxylase deficiency

A
  1. build up of 11deoxycorticosterone and 11deoxycortisol
  2. shunt towards androgen synthesis
  3. *no cortisol produced = no negative feedback

no aldosterone either

  1. high levels of ACTH
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6
Q

ACTH stimulation (8)

A
  1. Decrease in cortisol –> remove adrenal gland or inhibit synthesis
  2. Sleep-wake transition (wake in a fasting state, prevent hypoglycemia)
  3. Stress: hypoglycemia, anesthesia, surgery, trauma, infection, pyrogen (fever)
  4. Psychiatric disturbance: anxiety, depression
  5. α adrenergic agonist (NE neurons project to CRH neurons), ß adrenergic antagonist
  6. serotonin
  7. ADH (CRH neurons also produce ADH; synergistic)
  8. aminobutyric acid
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7
Q

ACTH Inhibition (4)

A
  1. Cortisol increase (endogenous or exogenous)
  2. Enkephalins
  3. Opiates
  4. ACTH

(2-4: breakdown products of ACTH)

*weak short loop negative feedback

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8
Q

Selective Seretonin Reuptake Inhibitors

A
  1. Initially (first two weeks): stimulate CRH

serotonin neurons make synaptic contact with CRH

  1. Over time (2-4 weeks): downregulate # of serotonin receptors on CRH neurons due to constant serotonin
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9
Q

Low vs. High levels of CORTISOL

*TSH also shares this characteristic

A

LOW: ANABOLIC

  1. protein, enzyme, hormone synthesis
  2. gluconeogenesis
  3. glycoven synthesis

HIGH: CATABOLIC

  1. inhibition of immune cell activity
  2. Breakdown, inhibit glucose uptake into tissues
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10
Q

Renin-Angiotensin system

A
  1. Controls ALDOSTERONE synthesis angiotensin II travels to adrenal gland
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